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Efraim Turban David King Jae Kyu Lee Ting-Peng Liang - Electronic Commerce

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Efraim Turban David King Jae Kyu Lee Ting-Peng Liang Electronic Commerce

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Part I
Introduction to E-Commerce and E-Marketplaces
Chapter 1 Overview of Electronic Commerce
Chapter 2 E-Commerce: Mechanisms, Platforms, and Tools
Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015
Efraim Turban , David King , Jae Kyu Lee , Ting-Peng Liang and Deborrah C. Turban Electronic Commerce Springer Texts in Business and Economics 10.1007/978-3-319-10091-3_1
1. Overview of Electronic Commerce
Efraim Turban 1, David King 2, Jae Kyu Lee 3, Ting-Peng Liang 4, 5 and Deborrah C. Turban 6
(1)
University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
(2)
JDA Software, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
(3)
Graduate School of Management, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Seoul, Republic of South Korea
(4)
National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
(5)
National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
(6)
Turban Company Inc., Kihei, HI, USA
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this chapter (doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-10091-3_1 ) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users
Learning Objectives
Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to:
Define electronic commerce (EC) and describe its various categories.
Describe and discuss the content and framework of EC.
Describe the major types of EC transactions.
Describe the drivers of EC.
Discuss the benefits of EC to individuals, organizations, and society.
Discuss e-commerce 2.0 and social media.
Describe social commerce and social software.
Understand the elements of the digital world.
Describe the major environmental business pressures and organizational responses.
Describe some EC business models.
List and describe the major limitations of EC.
Opening Case: How Starbucks Is Changing to a Digital and Social Enterprise
Starbucks is the worlds largest coffee house chain, with about 20,800 stores in 63 countries (see Loeb ).
For a long time Starbucks was known as appealing to young people because the free Wi-Fi Internet access provided in its U.S. and Canada stores. But lately the company embarked on several digital initiatives to become a truly technology-savvy company.
The Problem
Starting in 2007, the companys operating income declined sharply (from over $1 billion in 2007 to $504 million in 2008 and $560 million in 2009). This decline was caused by not only the economic slowdown, but also by the increased competition (e.g., from Green Mountain Coffee Roasters), which intensified even during the recession. Excellent coffee and service helped but only in the short run. A better solution was needed.
Starbucks realized that better interaction with its customers was necessary and decided to solve the problem via digitization.
The Solution: Going Digital and Social
In addition to traditional measures to improve its operation and margin, the company resorted to electronic commerce , meaning the use of computerized systems to conduct and support its business. The company appointed a Senior Executive with the title of Chief Digital Officer to oversee its digital activities. It also created the Digital Venture Group to conduct the technical implementation.
The Electronic Commerce Initiatives
Starbucks deployed several e-commerce projects, the major ones are follow.
Online Store
Starbucks sells a small number of products online at store.starbucks.com . These offerings include coffee, tea, and Starbucks equipment and merchandise. The store was in operation for years, using typical shopping cart (called My Bag), but the company completely redesigned the webstore to make shopping more convenient and easy (in August 2011). In addition, customers (individual or companies) can schedule deliveries of standard and special items. Customers can order rare and exquisite coffee that is available only in some U.S. stores. Now customers around the U.S. and the world can enjoy it too. Finally, online customers get exclusive promotions.
The eGift Card Program
Customers can buy Starbucks customized gift cards digitally (e.g., a gift card for a friends birthday is auto delivered on the desired date). Payments can be made with a credit card or PayPal. The gift card is sent to the recipient via e-mail or postal mail.
The recipients can print the card and go shopping at a Starbucks physical store, transfer the gift amount to their Starbucks payment card, or to Starbuck Card Mobile.
Loyalty Program
Like airlines and other vendors, the company offers a Loyalty Program (My Starbucks Rewards). Those who reach the gold level receive extra benefits. The program is managed electronically.
Mobile Payments
Customers can pay at Starbucks stores with prepaid (stored value) cards, similar to those used in transportation, or conduct smartphone payments.
Paying from Smartphones
Starbucks customers can also pay for purchases in physical stores with their mobile devices. Payments can be made by each of two technologies:
  • Using Starbucks mobile app . Shoppers have an app on their mobile device. Payment is made by selecting touch to pay and holding up the barcode on the device screen to a scanner at the sellers register. The system is connected automatically to a debit or credit card. The system works only in the company-owned stores.
The Social Media Projects
Starbucks realized the importance of social media that uses Internet-based systems to support social interactions and user involvement and engagement (Chapter ). Thus, it started several initiatives to foster customer relationships based on the needs, wants, and preferences of its existing and future customers. The following are some representative activities.
Exploiting Collective Intelligence
Mystarbucksidea.com is a platform in which a community of over 300,000 consumers and employees can make improvement suggestions, vote for the suggestions, ask questions, collaborate on projects, and express their complaints and frustrations. The community generated 70,000 ideas in its first year, ranging from thoughts on the companys rewards cards and elimination of paper cups to ways to improve customer service. The site also provides statistics on the ideas generated, by category, as well as their status (under review, reviewed, in the works, and launched). The company may provide incentives for certain generated ideas. For example, in June 2010, Starbucks offered $20,000 for the best idea concerning the reuse of its used coffee cups. This initiative is based on the technology of collective intelligence also known as crowdsourcing (see Chapters ) and it is supported by the following blog.
Starbucks Idea in Action Blog
This blog is written by employees who discuss what the company is doing about ideas submitted to MyStarbucksIdea site.
Starbucks Activities on Facebook
Fully integrated into Facebook, Starbucks practices several social commerce activities there. The site was built with input from Starbucks customers. The company uploads videos, blog posts, photos, promotions, product highlights, and special deals. The millions of people who like Starbucks on Facebook verify that it is one of the most popular companies on Facebook with about 36 million followers (February 2014), see current statistics at starcount.com/chart/wiki/Starbucks/today and at facebook.com/Starbucks . Starbucks offers one of the best online marketing communication experiences on Facebook to date as well as mobile commerce engagements. Starbucks posts information on its Facebook wall whether it is content, questions, or updates. The company is also advertising on its Facebook homepage. Note that Starbucks is assessing the cost-benefit of such advertising.
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