Elke Gschossmann-Hendershot - Schaums Outline of German Grammar

ELKE GSCHOSSMANN-HENDERSHOT, a native of Germany, received her formal schooling in Regensburg, Germany, and completed her postgraduate work at Rutgers University, New Jersey. She has teaching experience at various levels, from elementary school through college. She designed programs for the Army Language School and served as supervisor for Deutsche Sprachschule. Her most recent teaching assignment was at Rutgers University, New Jersey. LOIS M. in German from the University of Vermont, her J.D. from the New York University School of Law, and her doctorate in Germanic Languages and Literatures from the University of Kansas. Dr. Dr.

Feuerle also spent two years at the Christian-Albrechts-Universitt in Kiel, Germany, in addition to her studies in Vienna and Salzburg, Austria. She was later Lektorin fr Amerikanistik at the Pdagogische Hochschule in Kiel. She has taught German to students of all ages in a variety of contexts, including the University of Kansas Intensive Language Institute in Holzkirchen, Germany, Marshall University, the German Language School of Morris Plains, and Montclair State University. She was later Adjunct Assistant Professor of German and Translation in the Department of Foreign Languages at the New York University School of Continuing Education, where she also administered the Translation Studies Program. She subsequently served as the Coordinator of Court Interpreting Services for the New York State Unified Court System, Office of Court Administration, and then as Coordinator of Court Interpreter Certification, Testing and Training for the Oregon Judicial Department. She has translated numerous books, law review articles, and a wide variety of other legal materials and non-legal materials from German into English.

She currently serves on the boards of directors of the National Association of Judiciary Interpreters and Translators (NAJIT) and of the American Translators Association (ATA). She is also the coauthor of the three-book series Communicating in German: Novice/Intermediate/Advanced and of the second and third editions of Schaums Outline of German Vocabulary Copyright 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-0-07-182335-7
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Much has happened in the German-speaking world since the third edition of Schaums Outline of German Grammar was published in 1997. Although tremors are felt from time to time throughout the worlds economies, the Federal Republic of Germany remains a strong economic force. Although memories of the former German Democratic Republic are fading, German continues to be a language of importance in Eastern Europe. Germany has adopted the Euro (EUR) and relinquished its old national currency, the German Mark (DM), and Austria has likewise given up its national currency, the Austrian Schilling (S), in favor of the Euro, giving the so-called Euro Zone a total of 15 participating members as of 2008. However, Switzerland and Liechtenstein, who are not members of the European Union, remain loyal to the Swiss Franc (SFR) as their common currency.

But for the student of language, the most significant event has been the introduction of the controversial German Orthographic Reformdie deutsche Rechtschreibreform. On July 1, 1996, the representatives of the four German-speaking countries, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein, signed an international agreement to introduce the new spelling by August 1, 1998. After a transition period marked by considerable debate that resulted in minor revisions, the German Orthographic Reform went into effect on August 1, 2006. The German Orthographic Reform addresses several important issues, the most significant of which is the endeavor to make German orthography reflect the sounds of spoken German more closely. Other issues are capitalization, hyphenation, writing certain words separately or together, and punctuation. It should be reassuring to the student that some authorities estimate that about 90% of the changes man-dated by the reform involve the letters ss and .

Of course, one will inevitably encounter texts written in accordance with the old rules, since all books, publications, and media published prior to the Orthographic Reform were composed under the old rules. Although the new spelling rules must be observed in German schools, a number of authors, publishers, and newspapers have chosen to continue to observe some version of the old rules. A simple tip-off as to whether a publication follows the old or the new rules is to find the German word for that introducing a subordinate clause. If the German word ends in