CONRAD J. SCHMITT is former Editor-in-Chief of Foreign Languages, ESL, and bilingual publishing with McGraw-Hill. Prior to joining McGraw-Hill, Mr. Schmitt taught languages at all levels of instruction, from elementary school through college. He has taught Spanish at Montclair State College, Montclair, New Jersey; French at Upsala College, East Orange, New Jersey; and methods at the Graduate School of Education, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey. He also served as Coordinator of Foreign Languages for the Hackensack, New Jersey, public schools.
In addition to the Schaums Outline of Spanish Grammar, 6th Ed. and Schaums Outline of Spanish Vocabulary, 4th Ed. Mr. Schmitt is the author of more than 100 texts published by McGraw-Hill. Mr. Schmitt has traveled extensively throughout the Spanish speaking world.
He presently devotes his full time to writing and lecturing. Copyright 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-0-07-182840-6
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PREFACE
This review book has been designed and developed in order to make the study of Spanish grammar easier for the learner. The book is divided into nine chapters.
Each chapter concentrates on one of the basic problem areas of the language: nouns and articles, adjectives, verbs, negatives, interrogatives, pronouns, and three additional areas related specifically to the Spanish language, ser versus estar, por versus para, and special verb usage. Each particular grammatical or structural point is introduced by a simple, succinct explanation in English. The explanation is further clarified by many concrete examples. It is recommended that you first read the explanation and then study the illustrative examples. Once you have done this, there is a series of exercises for each point that you can write out in order to practice the particular grammatical point. The best way to learn a language is to practice it both in oral and written form.
The answers to each exercise appear at the end of the book. It is recommended that you correct yourself immediately before proceeding to the next exercise. One of the most difficult and tedious tasks in acquiring a second language is to learn the many forms that exist in the language, whether they are noun, adjective, or verb forms. In this book all forms have been logically grouped in order to make their acquisition as simple as possible and also to minimize what at first appear to be irregularities. In many texts, the verbs dar, ir, and estar are treated as separate irregular verbs in the present tense. You will note, however, that when these three verbs are grouped together they have a great deal in common.
Once the first person form (I) is learned, they function the same as any regular -ar verb. This can be done with many verbs in all tenses. Making such groupings will greatly facilitate your task of mastering the many forms. This book can be used as a review text or as a companion to any basic text. In order to reinforce each point you are learning in your basic text, you may wish to get additional practice by doing the clear, logically organized exercises provided throughout the book. CONRAD J.
SCHMITT
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1
Nouns and Articles
Nouns
Nouns Ending in -o and -a
Singular forms