Mary Rudolf - Essential Paediatrics and Child Health (Essentials)

1. Chapter 1
2. Chapter 2
3. Chapter 3
4. Chapter 5
5. Chapter 6
6. Chapter 7
7. Chapter 9
8. Chapter 10
9. Chapter 11
10. Chapter 12
11. Chapter 13
12. Chapter 14
13. Chapter 15
14. Chapter 16
15. Chapter 17
16. Chapter 19
17. Chapter 20
18. Chapter 21
19. Chapter 22
20. Chapter 23
21. Chapter 24
22. Chapter 25

1. Chapter 0
2. Chapter 1
3. Chapter 2
4. Chapter 3
5. Chapter 4
6. Chapter 5
7. Chapter 6
8. Chapter 7
9. Chapter 8
10. Chapter 9
11. Chapter 10
12. Chapter 11
13. Chapter 12
14. Chapter 13
15. Chapter 14
16. Chapter 15
17. Chapter 16
18. Chapter 17
19. Chapter 18
20. Chapter 19
21. Chapter 20
22. Chapter 21
23. Chapter 22
24. Chapter 23
25. Chapter 24
26. Chapter 25

This book is dedicated to the coming generations of students and their patients

Fourth Edition

Mary Rudolf

Professor of Population Health

Azrieli Faculty of Medicine

Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel

Former Professor of Child Health

University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

Anthony Luder

Director of Paediatrics, Ziv Medical Centre, Safed, Israel

Professor of Paediatrics, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine

Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel

Kerry Jeavons

Consultant in Paediatric Medicine

Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust

Yorkshire, UK

This edition first published 2020 2020 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd

First published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd 1999.
Reprinted 2000
Second edition 2006
Third edition 2011

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.

The rights of Mary Rudolf, Anthony Luder, and Kerry Jeavons to be identified as the authors of editorial work has been asserted in accordance with law.

Registered Offices
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK

Editorial Office
9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK

For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us at www.wiley.com. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by printondemand. Some content that appears in standard print versions of this book may not be available in other formats.

Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty
The contents of this work are intended to further general scientific research, understanding, and discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting scientific method, diagnosis, or treatment by physicians for any particular patient. In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to the use of medicines, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each medicine, equipment, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials or promotional statements for this work. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.

Library of Congress CataloginginPublication Data

Names: Rudolf, Mary, author. | Luder, Anthony, author. | Jeavons, Kerry, author.
Title: Essential paediatrics and child health / Mary Rudolf, Anthony Luder, Kerry Jeavons. Other titles: Paediatrics and child health
Description: Fourth edition. | Chichester, West Sussex, UK ; Hoboken : WileyBlackwell, 2020. | Preceded by: Paediatrics and child health / Mary Rudolf. Third edition. 2011. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2019033004 (print) | LCCN 2019033005 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119420224 (paperback) | ISBN 9781119420248 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119420231 (epub)
Subjects: MESH: Pediatrics | Child Welfare
Classification: LCC RJ45 (print) | LCC RJ45 (ebook) | NLM WS 200 | DDC 618.92dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019033004
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019033005

Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Images: Courtesy of Micha de Vries

Paediatrics and medical education have changed radically over the last 40 years. When I was a medical student in the early 1970s the student was expected to have a wide knowledge of every specialty including rare and abstruse conditions. Times have changed and now we expect students to know the basics of the subject and to be able to know how to obtain more information if required. Now the newly qualified doctor is a mere beginner in the process of assessing, diagnosing, and treating patients and receives progressive training in his or her own area of interest over years before they are experienced enough to be appointed to a specialist post. Medical education has changed to match the recalibration of what the student is required to know and paediatrics has led the way in this respect. The latest edition of Paediatrics and Child Health reflects the core knowledge that is required by a British medical student at the end of their paediatric rotation.

When I was a student we mostly used the textbook written by Hugh Jolly Diseases of Children. This was first published in 1964 and it rapidly became a core text for medical students studying paediatrics. When I undertook my paediatric rotation at medical school in 1972, the book was in its second edition and when I did my first house position post in paediatrics at Charing Cross hospital, London where Hugh was a consultant it was in its third edition. Paediatrics was changing considerably, particularly in respect to advances in neonatal medicine and the introduction of more modern investigation techniques. Hugh asked me to assist him in updating the fourth edition and kindly added me as a coauthor on the fifth edition published in 1985 when I was a newly appointed consultant paediatrician.