Scott James - Testosterone Trifecta: Triple Your T Production Naturally for Increased Muscle Mass, Fat Burning, Less Stress & Great Sex (Fat Loss, Bodybuilding, Build ... Bodyweight Training, Protein Diet)

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Chapter 1 Understanding Testosterone

Androgens refer to a group of male hormones that play many crucial roles in the body. One important hormone that belongs to this group is testosterone. This male hormone is produced in the testes and regulated by the hypothalamus in the brain.

Types

Three subtypes of testosterone are produced in the body, classified by what proteins are and are not attached to the basic steroid structure.

Free testosterone

This is the purest form of testosterone. There are no proteins attached to the basic structure, hence, considered unbound or free. They easily enter the cells and activate cellular receptors to stimulate various cellular processes that produce the benefits of testosterone. Free testosterone is the one that produces the most beneficial effects, but is also the smallest in amounts. It only accounts 2 to 3% of a mans total testosterone levels. This is also the type of testosterone that should be increased.

SHBG-bound Testosterone

This type comprises about 40 to 50% of a mans total testosterone levels. The testosterone molecule binds with the sex-hormone-binding-globulin or SHBG, which is produced in the liver. This type regulates the free testosterone levels in the body. In itself, SHBG-bound T is biologically inactive, which means the body cannot use this T type. It can help neither build muscles nor boost the mood. In normal levels, SHBG-bound T is not bad, but too much of it is not desirable. Tests would reveal high testosterone levels but still suffer from deficiency symptoms. SHBG tends to bind itself to a lot of testosterone, leaving too few free T for the body to use.

Albumin-bound T

Some testosterone binds with albumin, a protein produced in the liver that mainly functions for the stabilization of extra-cellular fluid volumes. This bound testosterone is also biologically inactive, which means the body cannot also use this form. The difference with SHBG-bound T is that the bond between albumin and testosterone is weak and can easily be destroyed in order to release the T and be available for the body to use.

How testosterone is made

Testosterone is produced in the testes and the adrenals. 95% of the total T is produced in the testes and the remaining small percentage in the adrenals. T production happens even during childhood (in minimal amounts) and the process is jumpstarted during puberty, to about 18 times more. T production starts when the brain sends out a signal to the adrenals and testes to start the process. When low T level is detected by the brains hypothalamus, this small organ sends a GnRH- gonadotropin-releasing hormone, which stimulates another brain structure, the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland will then produce 2 hormone- the FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone). Both of these hormones travel through the bloodstream towards the testes. Once in the testes, FSH stimulates sperm production and LH stimulates T production by the Leydig cells. To make the entire T production simple, Leydig cells convert cholesterol in the blood, modifying its structure into that of testosterone. If there is not much cholesterol in the blood, the testes produce cholesterol to provide the raw materials for the Leydig cells to make testosterone. However, relying too much on the testes as a source of cholesterol, T production is actually inhibited in the Leydig cells.

The testes are not designed to keep producing cholesterol for long, and T production shuts down in this case to ease off the demand on the testes for cholesterol. The T produced enters the blood for circulation. Most of it binds to SHBG and albumin, making them biologically inactive. A very small percentage is left unbound (Free), and gets to act on the different body organs. Once the pituitary gland detects the testosterone levels (bound and unbound) are within the normal range, it sends another hormone signal to stop the Leydig cells from producing any more T. In a day, about 6 milligrams of testosterone produced by the Leydig cells.