Nurture and Neglect
Nurture and Neglect: Childhood in Sixteenth-Century Northern England addresses a number of anomalies in the existing historiography surrounding the experience of children in urban and rural communities in sixteenth-century northern England. In contrast to much recent scholarship, which has focused on affective parentchild relationships, this study directly engages with the question of what sixteenth-century society actually constituted as nurture and neglect. Whilst many modern historians consider affection and love essential for nurture, contemporary ideas of good nurture were consistently framed in terms designed to instil obedience and deference to authority in the child, with the best environment in which to do this being the authoritative, patriarchal household.
Using ecclesiastical and secular legal records, hitherto an untapped resource for childrens voices, to form its basis, this book tackles important omissions in the historiography, including the regional imbalance, which has largely ignored the north of England and generalised about the experiences of the whole of the country using only sources from the south, and the adult-centred nature of the debate, in which historians have typically portrayed the child as having little or no say in their own care and upbringing. Nurture and Neglect will be of particular interest to scholars studying the history of childhood and the social history of England in the sixteenth century.
Loretta Dolan is an honorary research fellow in the School of Humanities at the University of Western Australia (UWA). She recently completed a Ph.D. at UWA under the supervision of the late Professor Philippa Maddern and Dr Stephanie Tarbin, researching children and childrearing practices in the north of England, c. 14501603. She is the author of Child Marriage in Sixteenth-Century Northern England: The Emotional Undertones in the Legal Narratives, Limina: A Journal of Historical and Cultural Studies, 20.3 (2015) and the forthcoming Poverty, Pilfering and Pleadings: The Microeconomics of Parental Deprivation in Northern England c. 14851603.
First published 2017
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
2017 Loretta Dolan
The right of Loretta Dolan to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Names: Dolan, Loretta, author
Title: Nurture and neglect : childhood in sixteenth-century Northern England / Loretta Dolan.
Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY: Routledge, 2017. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016009868| ISBN 9781472470188 (hardback : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781315535692 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Children--England--Social conditions--16th century. | Children--England--History--16th century. | Families--England--History-- 16th century.
Classification: LCC HQ792.G7 D65 2017 | DDC 305.23094209/031--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016009868
ISBN: 978-1-4724-7018-8 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-53569-2 (ebk)
Dedication: For my parents, James and Anna Alexander. In memory of Philippa Maddern, a truly inspirational teacher and supervisor.
This book started life as a Ph.D. thesis in 2010 under the supervision of Professor Philippa (Pip) Maddern and Dr Stephanie Tarbin at the University of Western Australia (UWA). To both supervisors, I am indebted not only for their expertise, enthusiasm and encouragement, but also their friendship. Sadly, Pip died before my thesis was returned from the examiners but I am always reminded of her cheerful countenance and willingness to debate aspects of sixteenth-century childhood with me as I read the pages in this book. Stephanie Tarbin remains a good friend and I am indebted to her for her ongoing advice in relation to the preparation of this book. In addition to Pips and Stephanies work, I have drawn on the works of many historians of childhood, as my footnotes indicate, and I have benefitted greatly from their insights.
The idea of studying children in late medieval and early modern northern England was in part due to my experience as a history undergraduate at the University of Chester and exposure to the wonderful archives that survive in the county and diocese repository in the city. My decision to expand the geographical area from Chester northwards and eastwards means that I am indebted to the hard-working staff at a number of archives too many to mention who provided much-needed assistance on my research trips to the UK. Those same research trips would not have been possible if it had not been for financial assistance from the School of Humanities at UWA, and the many, generous family and friends who considerately looked after me when I was in England. Thanks must also go to Limina: A Journal of Historical and Cultural Studies, where parts of have previously been published.
Finally, I must acknowledge my family. I am grateful for the wholehearted support of my husband, Chris, and my children, Alasdair, Eloise and Georgina, who have embraced sixteenth-century childhood over the last four or five years, despite the disruption it has occasionally caused in their own household. And to my parents, James and Anna Alexander, both sadly deceased, I am forever indebted for my own nurturing childhood in twentieth-century northern England.
Loretta A. Dolan
Perth, Australia
Aris, Centuries | Aris, Philippe, Centuries of Childhood (London: Jonathan Cape, 1962) |
BIA | Borthwick Institute for Archives |
CALSS | Cheshire Archives and Local Studies Services |
CROK | Cumbria Record Office, Kendal |
DCA | Durham Cathedral Archives |
DNB | Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford, 2004), available online at www.oxforddnb.com |
DUSC | Durham University Special Collections |
EYLA | Explore York Libraries and Archives |
LRO | Lancashire Record Office |
LVRO | Liverpool Record Office |
TNA | Kew, The National Archives |
Yet the common sort of parents think that they have done their duty toward their children abundantly, if they keep them from fire and water, and from other dangers; if they cleanly apparel them; if they give them meat and drink enough.1