First Published by
Harrington Park Press, Inc. is a subsidiaryof The Haworth Press, Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 139041580.
This edition published 2011
by Routledge
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Philosophy and Homosexuality was originally published in 1982 by The Haworth Press, Inc. under the title Nature and Causes of Homosexuality: A Philosophic and Scientific Inquiry . It has also been published as Journal of Homosexuality , Volume 6, Number 4, Summer 1981.
1985 by Harrington Park Press, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilm and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from The Haworth Press, Inc., 12 West 32 Street, New York, New York 10001. Reprint-2007
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Nature and causes of homosexuality.
Philosophy and homosexuality.
Reprint. Orginally published: The nature and causes of homosexuality. New York: Haworth
Press, 1981. (Journal of homosexuality; v. 6, no. 4) (Research on homosexuality; v. 3)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Homosexuality United StatesCongresses. I. Koertge, Noretta. II. Title.
HQ76.3.U5N37 1985 306.7'66 84-22470
ISBN 0-918393-12-4 (pbk.)
Publisher's Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original may be apparent.
EDITOR
JOHN P. De CECCO, PhD, Professor of Psychology and Director, Center for Research and Education in Sexuality (CERES), San Francisco State University
MANAGING EDITOR
STUART KELLOGG, Center for Research and Education in Sexuality
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
SAL LICATA, PETRA LILJESTRAND, ROBERT PETERSEN, AND MICHAEL G. SHIVELY, Center for Research and Education in Sexuality
FOUNDING EDITOR
CHARLES SILVERSTEIN, Institute for Human Identity, New York City
EDITORIAL BOARD
ROGER AUSTEN, MA, Writer, Washington
ALAN BELL, PhD, Institute for Sex Research, Indiana University
PHILIP W. BLUMSTEIN, PhD, Associate Professor of Sociology, University of Washington
VERN L. BULLOUGH, PhD, Dean, Faculty of Natural and Social Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo
ELI COLEMAN, PhD, Assistant Professor and Coordinator of Clinical Services, Program in Human Sexuality, University of Minnesota
LOUIE CREW, PhD, Associate Professor of English, University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point
LOUIS CROMPTON, PhD, Professor of English, University of Nebraska
JOSHUA DRESSLER, JD, Professor of Law, Hamline University School of Law
LILLIAN FADERMAN, PhD, Associate Professor of English, California State University, Fresno
BYRNE R. S. FONE, PhD, Associate Professor of English, The City College, City University of New York
JOHN GAGNON, PhD, Professor of Sociology, State University of New York , Stony Brook
JOHN GONSIOREK, PhD, Clinical Psychologist in Private Practice, Minneapolis; Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota
RICHARD HALL, MA, Writer and Book Review Editor, The Advocate, New York
JOEL D. HENCKEN, MA, Clinical Director, Homophile Community Health Service, Boston; PhD Candidate in Clinical Psychology, University of Michigan
EVELYN HOOKER, PhD, Clinical Professor Emeritus of Psychology, Gender Identity Clinic, Neuropsychiatry Institute, University of California, Los Angeles
LAUD HUMPHREYS, PhD, Professor of Sociology, Pitzer College
MARTHA KIRKPATRICK, MD, Los Angeles
DONALD C. KNUTSON, JD, Director, Gay Rights Advocates, San Francisco
MARY RIEGE LANER, PhD, Associate Professor of Sociology, Arizona State University
MARTIN P. LEVINE, PhD Candidate in Sociology, New York University
ELLEN LEWIN, PhD, Medical Anthropology Program, University of California, San Francisco
DON LILES, MA, Instructor in English, San Francisco City College
A. P. MacDONALD, Jr., PhD, Associate Director and Associate Professor , Center for the Family, University of Massachusetts
JAMES MILLHAM, PhD, Associate Professor of Psychology, University of Miami
ROBERT OAKS, PhD, University of Southern California
LETITIA ANNE PEPLAU, PhD, Associate Professor of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles
SHARON RAPHAEL, PhD, Associate Professor of Sociology, California State University, Dominguez Hills
KENNETH E. READ, PhD. Professor of Anthropology, University of Washington
DOROTHY SEIDEN, PhD, Professor, Department of Home Economics, San Francisco State University
G. WILLIAM SKINNER, PhD, Professor of Anthropology, Stanford University
RICHARD SMITH, PhD, Department of Psychology, California State University, Northridge
JOHN P. SPIEGEL, MD, Director, Training Program in Ethnicity and Mental Health, Brandeis University: former President, American Psychiatric Association
FREDERICK SUPPE, PhD, Chair, Committee on the History and Philosophy of Science, University of Maryland
JOHN UNGARETTI, MA, Classics, MA, Literature
DOMINICK VETRI, JD, Professor of Law, University of Oregon
JEFFREY WEEKS, PhD, Research Fellow, Department of Sociology, University of Essex, England
JAMES D. WEINRICH, PhD, Biology, Junior Fellow, Harvard University
JACK WIENER, MSW, National Institute of Mental Health
COLIN WILLIAMS, PhD, Institute for Sex Research, Indiana University
DEBORAH G. WOLF, PhD, Department of Medical Anthropology, University of California, San Francisco
WAYNE S. WOODEN, PhD, Professor of Sociology, California State University ; Long Beach
The Journal of Homosexuality is devoted to empirical research, and its clinical implications, on lesbianism, male homosexuality, gender identity, and alternative sexual lifestyles. It was created to serve the allied professional groups represented by psychology, sociology, anthropology, medicine, and law. Its purposes are:
a) to bring together, within one contemporary periodical, rigorous empirical research on homosexuality and gender identity;
b) to provide scholarly research which, although not rooted in strict experimental methodology, has heuristic value for the understanding of homosexuality and gender identity;
c) to show the implications of these findings for helping professionals in a wide variety of disciplines and settings.
In addition, articles from the Journal of Homosexuality are selectively indexed or abstracted in the ABS Guide to the Behavioral and Social Sciences, Abstracts for Social Workers, Abstracts in Anthropology, Biosciences Information Service of Biological Abstracts (BIOSIS), Le Bulletin Signaletique, Chicago Psychoanalytic Literature Index, College Student Personnel Abstracts, Criminal Justice Abstracts, Current Contents, Behavioral and Social Sciences, Excerpta Medica, Index Medicus, Index to Periodical Articles Related to Law, Pastoral Care and Counseling Abstracts, Selected List of Tables of Contents of Psychiatric Periodicals, Psychological Abstracts, Psychological Reader's Guide, Social Science Citation Index, Sociological Abstracts, and Women's Studies Abstracts.