Esther K. Chung MD MPH - Visual Diagnosis and Treatment in Pediatrics

Editor-in-Chief Esther K. Chung, MD, MPHProfessor Department of Pediatrics Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University Jefferson Pediatrics/Nemours-Philadelphia Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children Wilmington, Delaware Associate Editors Lee R. Atkinson-McEvoy, MDClinical Professor of Pediatrics Director of UCSF Pediatric Primary Care Clinic Associate Chief General Pediatrics Associate Residency Program Director Department of Pediatrics University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine San Francisco, California Naline L. Lai, MDPrimary Care Attending Physician The Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia Care Network-Newtown Newtown, Pennsylvania Department of Pediatrics St. Mary Medical Center Langhorne, Pennsylvania Department of Pediatrics Doylestown Hospital Doylestown, Pennsylvania Michelle Terry, MDClinical Professor of Pediatrics University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle, Washington Acquisitions Editor: Jamie M.

Elfrank Product Development Editor: Ashley Fischer Editorial Assistant: Brian Convery Production Project Manager: Alicia Jackson Design Coordinator: Elaine Kasmer Manufacturing Coordinator: Beth Welsh Marketing Manager: Stephanie Kindlick Prepress Vendor: S4Carlisle Publishing Services Third edition Copyright 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health 2010 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business 2006 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Chung ; associate editors, Lee R. Atkinson-McEvoy, Naline Lai, Michelle Terry. Third edition. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-4511-9118-9 (alk. paper) e-ISBN 978-1-46988-945-0 I. Chung, Esther K., editor. II. Atkinson-McEvoy, Lee R., editor. III.

Lai, Naline, editor. IV. Terry, Michelle, editor. [DNLM: 1. PediatricsHandbooks. Child. 3. 3.

Diagnosis, DifferentialHandbooks. 4. Medical History TakingHandbooks. 5. Physical ExaminationHandbooks. WS 39] RJ50 618.920075dc23 2014028963

This work is no substitute for individual patient assessment based upon healthcare professionals examination of each patient and consideration of, among other things, age, weight, gender, current or prior medical conditions, medication history, laboratory data, and other factors unique to the patient. The publisher does not provide medical advice or guidance and this work is merely a reference tool. Healthcare professionals, and not the publisher, are solely responsible for the use of this work including all medical judgments and for any resulting diagnosis and treatments. Given continuous, rapid advances in medical science and health information, independent professional verification of medical diagnoses, indications, appropriate pharmaceutical selections and dosages, and treatment options should be made and healthcare professionals should consult a variety of sources. When prescribing medication, healthcare professionals are advised to consult the product information sheet (the manufacturers package insert) accompanying each drug to verify, among other things, conditions of use, warnings, and side effects and identify any changes in dosage schedule or contradictions, particularly if the medication to be administered is new, infrequently used, or has a narrow therapeutic range. To the maximum extent permitted under applicable law, no responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property, as a matter of products liability, negligence law or otherwise, or from any reference to or use by any person of this work.

LWW.com We dedicate this book to:My parents, Dr. Okhyung Kang and the late Dr. Ed Baik Chung; my husband, Dennis; and my daughters, Marissa and EmmaEstherMy parents, Patrick and Beverly Atkinson; my husband Michael; and my children Amara, Mason, and NoahLeeMy advisors and family, in particular my children Emily, Abigail, and MichaelNalineMy mother, Mercedes Riley Terry, and for all of the lessons in and out of the libraryMichelle Bethlehem Abebe-Wolpaw, MD HS Assistant Clinical Professor Department of Pediatrics University of California San Francisco, California Joyce A. Adams, MD, FAAP, FSAM Clinical Professor of Pediatrics Division of General Academic Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine University of California-San Diego San Diego, California Benjamin Alouf, MD Medical Director Aetna Northeast Regional Care Management Bluebell, Pennsylvania Lee R. Atkinson-McEvoy, MD Clinical Professor of Pediatrics Director of UCSF Pediatric Primary Care Clinic Associate Chief General Pediatrics Associate Residency Program Director Department of Pediatrics University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine San Francisco, California M. Douglas Baker, MD Director of Pediatric Emergency Medicine Vice Chairman for Community Outreach Visiting Professor of Pediatrics Johns Hopkins Childrens Center Baltimore, Maryland Douglas A.

Barnes, MD Chief of Staff, Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery Shriners Hospitals for Children Houston, Texas Roy Benaroch, MD Adjunct Assistant Professor Pediatrics Emory University Atlanta, Georgia Dean John Bonsall, MD, MS, FACS Associate Professor Department of Ophthalmology University of Cincinnati Associate Professor Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Cincinnati, Ohio Julie A. Boom, MD Associate Professor Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine Director Infant and Childhood Immunization Center for Vaccine Awareness and Research Attending Physician Residents Primary Care Group Clinic Texas Childrens Hospital Houston, Texas Mary L. Brandt, MD Baylor College of Medicine Houston, Texas Brooke Burkey, MD Instructor of Surgery and Pediatrics Drexel University College of Medicine Attending Plastic Surgeon Section of Plastic Surgery St. Christophers Hospital for Children Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Gerardo Cabrera-Meza, MD Baylor College of Medicine Houston, Texas Esther K. Chung, MD, MPH Professor Department of Pediatrics Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University Jefferson Pediatrics/Nemours-Philadelphia Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children Wilmington, Delaware Sophia M.

Chung, MD Professor Department of Ophthalmology St. Louis University School of Medicine St. Louis, Missouri Jayme L. Coffman, MD Medical Director, CARE Team Cook Childrens Medical Center Fort Worth, Texas Steven P. Cook, MD Medical Director Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children Wilmington, Delaware Theodore P. duPont Hospital for Children Wilmington, Delaware Theodore P.