Marc Gregoire - Professional C++

1. Chapter 1
2. Chapter 2
3. Chapter 3
4. Chapter 4
5. Chapter 5
6. Chapter 6
7. Chapter 7
8. Chapter 9
9. Chapter 10
10. Chapter 14
11. Chapter 17
12. Chapter 18
13. Chapter 20
14. Chapter 23
15. Chapter 24
16. Chapter 25
17. Chapter 26
18. Chapter 27
19. Chapter 28
20. Chapter 29
21. Appendix D

Marc Gregoire

Professional C++, Fourth Edition

Published by
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
10475 Crosspoint Boulevard
Indianapolis, IN 46256
www.wiley.com

Copyright 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana

Published simultaneously in Canada

ISBN: 978-1-119-42130-6

ISBN: 978-1-119-42126-9 (ebk)

ISBN: 978-1-119-42122-1 (ebk)

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.

Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales or promotional materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for every situation. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional services. If professional assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. The fact that an organization or Web site is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Web site may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet Web sites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read.

For general information on our other products and services please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (877) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002.

Wiley publishes in a variety of print and electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some material included with standard print versions of this book may not be included in e-books or in print-on-demand. If this book refers to media such as a CD or DVD that is not included in the version you purchased, you may download this material at http://booksupport.wiley.com. For more information about Wiley products, visit www.wiley.com.

Library of Congress Control Number: 2017963243

Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley logo, Wrox, the Wrox logo, Programmer to Programmer, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates, in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.

Dedicated to my parents and my brother, who are always there for me. Their support and patience helped me in finishing this book.

MARC GREGOIREis a software architect from Belgium. He graduated from the University of Leuven, Belgium, with a degree in Burgerlijk ingenieur in de computer wetenschappen (equivalent to master of science in engineering: computer science). The year after, he received an advanced masters degree in artificial intelligence, cum laude, at the same university. After his studies, Marc started working for a software consultancy company called Ordina Belgium. As a consultant, he worked for Siemens and Nokia Siemens Networks on critical 2G and 3G software running on Solaris for telecom operators. This required working with international teams stretching from South America and the United States to Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and Asia. Now, Marc is a software architect at Nikon Metrology (www.nikonmetrology.com), a division of Nikon and a leading provider of precision optical instruments and metrology solutions for 3D geometric inspection.

His main expertise is in C/C++, and specifically Microsoft VC++ and the MFC framework. He has experience in developing C++ programs running 24/7 on Windows and Linux platforms: for example, KNX/EIB home automation software. In addition to C/C++, Marc also likes C# and uses PHP for creating web pages.

Since April 2007, he has received the annual Microsoft MVP (Most Valuable Professional) award for his Visual C++ expertise.

Marc is the founder of the Belgian C++ Users Group (www.becpp.org), co-author of C++ Standard Library Quick Reference (Apress), technical editor for numerous books for several publishers, and a member on the CodeGuru forum (as Marc G). He maintains a blog at www.nuonsoft.com/blog/, and is passionate about traveling and gastronomic restaurants.

PETER VAN WEERTis a Belgian software engineer, whose main interests and expertise are in C++, programming languages, algorithms, and data structures.

He received his master of science in computer science from the University of Leuven, Belgium, summa cum laude, with congratulations of the Board of Examiners. In 2010, the same university awarded him a PhD for his research on the efficient compilation of rule-based programming languages (mainly Java). During his doctoral studies, he was a teaching assistant for courses on object-oriented analysis and design, Java programming, and declarative programming languages.

After his studies, Peter worked for Nikon Metrology on large-scale, industrial-application software in the area of 3D laser scanning and point cloud inspection. In 2017, he joined the software R&D unit of Nobel Biocare, which specializes in digital dentistry software. Throughout his professional career, Peter has mastered C++ software development, as well as the management, refactoring, and debugging of very large code bases. He also gained further proficiency in all aspects of the software development process, including the analysis of functional and technical requirements, and Agile- and Scrum-based project and team management.

Peter is a regular speaker at, and board member of, the Belgian C++ Users Group. He also co-authored two books: