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Alani - Guide to Cisco Routers Configuration: Becoming a Router Geek

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Alani Guide to Cisco Routers Configuration: Becoming a Router Geek
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Preface; Contents; 1 Starting Up a Cisco Router; 1.1 Connecting the Router; 1.2 Basic Configuration; 1.3 Interfaces Configuration; 1.3.1 Configuring IPv4 Addresses; 1.3.2 Configuring IPv6 Addresses; 1.3.3 Other Interface Settings; 1.4 Additional Basic Configuration; 1.5 Training Scenarios; 2 Domestic Router Functions Configuration; 2.1 How to Configure a Cisco Router as a DHCP Client; 2.2 How to Configure a Cisco Router as a DHCP Server; 2.3 How to Configure a Cisco Router as a DHCP Server for IPv6; 2.4 How to Configure DHCP Relay in Cisco Router; 2.4.1 IPv4; 2.4.2 IPv6.;This easy-to-follow text/reference presents a practical guide to the configuration of Cisco routers, from tasks for beginners to advanced operations. The work starts with the simple step-by-step task of connecting the router and performing basic configuration, before building up to complex and sensitive operations such as router IOS upgrade and Site-to-Site VPNs. This updated and expanded new edition has been enhanced with a more detailed treatment of each topic, supported by a set of training scenarios to test the readers skills. Topics and features: Presents a uniquely accessible style, addressing router users everyday configuration needs without requiring a detailed knowledge of the underlying theory Discusses basic configuration, domestic duties, standard and advanced routing, WAN technologies, security, router management, remote connectivity, and practical tips Explains in detail the steps required to configure different protocols on Cisco routers, outlining when it would be necessary to invoke each procedure Includes coverage of MPLS, multicasting, GRE, HSRP, reflexive and timed-access lists, and configuration steps for IPv6 (NEW) Provides an extensive selection of training scenarios, designed to offer hands-on practice in the relevant tasks (NEW) This must-have collection of how-to instructions will prove to be an invaluable reference to anyone seeking to learn about Cisco routers configuration, whether they be field network engineers handling Cisco routers, or students working on Cisco routers in their labs. Dr. Mohammed M. Alani is Provost and Associate Professor of Computer Engineering at Al-Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, UAE. His other publications include the Springer titles Elements of Cloud Computing Security, and Guide to OSI and TCP/IP Models.

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Springer International Publishing AG 2017
Mohammed M. Alani Guide to Cisco Routers Configuration 10.1007/978-3-319-54630-8_1
1. Starting Up a Cisco Router
Mohammed M. Alani 1
(1)
Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Mohammed M. Alani
Email:
Keywords
Cisco Router Console Basic configuration IPv4 IPv6
1.1 Connecting the Router
In order to configure the Cisco router to perform the network operation desired, the first thing to do is to connect the router through console connection. This connection is used to configure the router and it does not carry user data.
Most routers come with console cable that has one DB-9 end and the other end is RJ-45 connecter. These connectors can be seen in Fig.. The cable is usually a slim ribbon that looks different from the regular LAN twisted pair cables.
Fig 11 Console cable Leave the router off and connect the RJ-45 end of the - photo 1
Fig. 1.1
Console cable
Leave the router off and connect the RJ-45 end of the cable to the port of the router labelled console. The other end, the DB-9 one, should be connected to the computer serial port. Most of the modern laptops do not have the legacy DB-9 serial port. Instead of the DB-9 serial port, a USB port can be used. This would require the use of a USB-to-DB9 adapter.
Some older routers come with console cables that have RJ-45 connectors in both of their ends. These cables come with RJ-45-to-DB9 adapters.
After connecting the console cable to the computer, using the DB-9 connecter or the USB, software for terminal emulation is required.
The first choice is HyperTerminal if you are using Windows XP. If you are using Windows Vista or Windows 7, there are several free alternatives such as PuTTY or Tera Term. If you are using Linux, you can use MiniCom or CuteCom.
For Mac, you can use MiniCom and ZTerm.
The basic settings that need to be done in the terminal emulation software are the following:
  1. Bits per sec: 9600
  2. Data bits: 8
  3. Parity: none
  4. Stop bits: 1
  5. Flow control: none
After connecting the cable and configuring the settings on the terminal emulation software, turn the router power on.
The screen should show the router boot-up process and information such as the IOS version, amount of memory available, and types of interfaces.
Eventually, you will end up at the user EXEC mode with the prompt Router> .
If the router was configured before and it has console password configured in it, you will be asked to input the password before getting to the user EXEC mode.
1.2 Basic Configuration
Basic configuration is simply what you need to configure on a router coming out of the box or surviving a configuration erase. Think of it as saying Hi to the router.
The following steps are what we refer to as the basic router configuration:
  1. Go to the global configuration mode and give the router a hostname:
    Router> enable
    Router# configure terminal
    Router(config)# hostname new - hostname
    This would change the hostname of the router from Router to new - hostname . Keep in mind that this name follows the old file name rules (it should start with a letter, and should not contain spaces or symbols).
  2. Set up enable/secret password:
    Router(config)# enable password your - password
    Or
    Router(config)# enable secret your - password
    This password will be required when you type enable to go from user EXEC mode to privilege mode.
    The first one saves the password in plain text, while the second one saves the password in encrypted format.
    The first one is almost obsolete. It is more secure to use the second one.
    Remember that only one of them is required. If you set them both, the secret password would prevail.
  3. Set up console password:
    Router(config)# line console 0
    Router(config-line)# password console - password
    Router(config-line)# login
    This password will be required when a console connection is made. It is the first password that an administrator will be asked for before entering any mode.
  4. To prevent the router status messages from interrupting your writing, use the following command in the console line configuration mode:
    Router(config-line)# logging synchronous
  5. If you plan to use Telnet, set up the Telnet password. If you do not intend to use Telnet in the near future, do not set it up.
    Router(config)# line vty 0 4
    Router(config-line)# password telnet - password
    Router(config-line)# login
    In some routers, vty 0 15 is used instead of vty 0 4, depending on the number of simultaneous Telnet sessions you want to allow. If you need only one, just write
    line vty 0 .
  6. Save the configuration from the RAM to the NVRAM.
    Router# copy running-configuration startup-configuration
    Or
    Router# copy run start
1.3 Interfaces Configuration
Before we dive into the interfaces settings, we need to understand the difference between an Interface and a Line. In the simplest distinction, interfaces are designed to carry user and routing data while lines are used for configuration purposes.
1.3.1 Configuring IPv4 Addresses
  1. Assign IPv4 addresses to interfaces you plan to use:
    Router(config)# interface interface - type interface - number
    Router(config-if)# ip address interface - ip - address subnetmask
    where,
    interface - type is the interface type such as ethernet, FastEthernet, or serial.
    interface - number is the interface number like 0, 0/0, or 0/1/0.
    interface - ip - address is the IPv4 address you want to assign to this interface.
    subnetmask is the subnet mask of the network this interface is connected to.
  2. By default, all router interfaces are shutdown. To turn on an interface, use the following command in the interface configuration mode:
    Router(config-if)# no shutdown
  3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for each interface you need.
1.3.2 Configuring IPv6 Addresses
  1. Assign IPv4 addresses to interfaces you plan to use:
    Router(config)# interface interface - type interface - number
    Router(config-if)# ipv6 address ipv6 - address/prefix - length
    where,
    interface - type is the interface type such as ethernet, FastEthernet, or serial.
    interface - number is the interface number like 0, 0/0, or 0/1/0.
    Ipv6 - address is the IPv6 address you want to assign to this interface.
    Prefix - length is the IPv6 prefix length of the network this interface is connected to.
    You can use the following parameters for special settings:
    1. a.
      Router(config-if)# ipv6 address ipv6 - address/prefix - length eui-64
      The EUI-64 parameter is used to tell the router to complete the rest of the IPv6 address using the EUI-64 rules. In this case, you need to give only the prefix instead of the ipv6 - address .
    2. b.
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