Andrey D. Grigoriev - Microwave Electronics

The Springer Series in Advanced Microelectronics provides systematic information on all the topics relevant for the design, processing, and manufacturing of microelectronic devices. The books, each prepared by leading researchers or engineers in their fields, cover the basic and advanced aspects of topics such as wafer processing, materials, device design, device technologies, circuit design, VLSI implementation, and subsystem technology. The series forms a bridge between physics and engineering and the volumes will appeal to practicing engineers as well as research scientists.

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Microwave electronics is currently a large and rapidly developing branch of science and technology, which has a huge impact on the countrys economy and defense capability. Most telecommunication systems, radio astronomy, accelerative techniques, thermonuclear machines, technology and medicine, and practically all types of weapons use microwave electronics technology to some extent. These achievements are mostly due to the use of new interaction mechanisms of charged particle fluxes with electromagnetic fields, use of new materials, and new manufacturing technologies of microwave electronics devices and systems.

The physical laws and phenomena used in microwave electronic devices, and the operating principles of these devices, along with their design, characteristics and parameters form the subject of the Microwave Electronics discipline. These laws, phenomena and devices are studied more deeply in the masters programs of the corresponding field.

Unfortunately, the textbooks and manuals on this discipline existing at the time of preparation of this manuscript were either published a long time ago and are out of date, or do not cover all the disciplines content. In particular, there are no modern manuals considering the processes taking place in a vacuum and in semiconductor microwave devices from the unified position.

The proposed textbook describes in reasonable detail the main interaction mechanisms of the microwave electromagnetic field with charged particles in a vacuum and in a solid. Much attention is paid to the peculiarities of these mechanisms using vacuum and solid-state microwave electronic devices. This theoretical part is supplemented by a description of the design of the devices, their parameters and characteristics.

The authors hope that the proposed textbook will assist students studying microwave electronics and related areas.

The book will also be useful to postgraduates and specialists engaged in the development and application of microwave electronics products.

The textbook is based on the lecture course taught by the authors to bachelors and masters in St. Petersburg State Electrotechnical University LETI.

The authors express also their gratitude to V. B. Yancevich for valuable advices and assistance in preparing the book for publication. The authors are also sincerely grateful to V. B. Yankevich, the Head of the LETI Radio-technical Electronics Department, for valuable advice and invaluable assistance in preparing the manuscript for publication.

The Introduction, Chapters 1, 3, 5... 8, Chapter 10 and Appendix C was written by A. D. Grigoriev, Chapter 12... 14 and Appendix A was written by V. A. Ivanov, Chapters 2, 4 and 11 was written together by A. D. Grigoriev and V. A. Ivanov, Chapter 9 and Appenix B was written together by A. D. Grigoriev and S. I. Molokiovsky.

The subject of microwave electronics is the study of the physical processes occurring in electronic devices intended for generating, amplifying and converting microwave band electromagnetic oscillations, as well as the development of methods for the design and engineering of these devices and recommendations for their application.

In accordance with the recommendations of the International Electrotechnical Commission the microwave range is the part of the electromagnetic oscillations spectrum from 3 10 8 to 3 10 11 Hz (300 MHz to 300 GHz), that corresponds to wavelengths in a vacuum from 1 to 1 mm. The microwave range is divided into several bands:

ultrahigh frequencies (UHF or decimeter waves)the frequency band from 300 MHz to 3 GHz (wavelengths are 1 m to 10 cm);

superhigh frequencies (SHF or centimeter waves)the frequency band from 3 to 30 GHz (wavelengths are 101 cm);