Schobeiri - Applied Fluid Mechanics for Engineers

Applied Fluid Mechanics for Engineers

About the Author

Meinhard T. Schobeiri, Ph.D., is currently the Oscar Wyatt Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Texas A&M University in College Station, Texas, where he studies steady and unsteady flow within turbomachinery components and systems, turbine, and compressor performance, aerodynamics, heat transfer, thermodynamics, and nonlinear dynamic behavior of aircraft engines and stationary gas turbines. He introduced the concept of the ultra-high-efficiency gas turbine with stator internal combustion, and is now working on concept realization. Dr. Schobeiri received his Dipl.-Ing. (M.S.) and Dr.-Ing. (Ph.D.) degrees from the Technical University Darmstadt in Germany. He worked for the Brown Boveri Gas Turbine Division in Switzerland in several positions, where he headed R&D for high-efficiency gas turbine engines before he joined Texas A&M University in 1978. Dr. Schobeiri was on the research faculty at NASA-Luis Research Center (now GRC) and has received the NASA Research Recognition Award. He won the Alexander von Humboldt Research Award in 2000 and is a TAMU Faculty Fellow (2001) and TEES Fellow (1998). In addition to his research activities, Dr. Schobeiri serves the engineering community as an active ASME Fellow.

Applied Fluid Mechanics for Engineers

Meinhard T. Schobeiri

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Contents

Preface

T he contents of this book cover the material required in the Fluid Mechanics Graduate Core Course (MEEN-621) and in Advanced Fluid Mechanics, a PhD-level elective course (MEEN-622), both of which I have been teaching at Texas A&M University for the past two decades. While there are numerous undergraduate fluid mechanics texts on the market for engineering students and instructors to choose from, there are only limited texts that comprehensively address the particular needs of graduate engineering fluid mechanics courses. To complement the lecture materials, the instructors more often recommend several texts, each of which treats special topics of fluid mechanics. This circumstance and the need to have a textbook that covers the materials needed in the above courses gave the impetus to provide the graduate engineering community with a coherent textbook that comprehensively addresses their needs for an advanced fluid mechanics text. Although this textbook is primarily aimed at mechanical engineering students, it is equally suitable for aerospace engineering, civil engineering, other engineering disciplines, and especially those practicing professionals who perform computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation on a routine basis and would like to know more about the underlying physics of the commercial codes they use. Furthermore, it is suitable for self-study, provided that the reader has a sufficient knowledge of calculus and differential equations.

In the past, because of the lack of advanced computational capability, the subject of fluid mechanics was artificially subdivided into inviscid, viscous (laminar, turbulent), incompressible, compressible, subsonic, supersonic, and hypersonic flows. With todays state of computation, there is no need for this subdivision. The motion of a fluid is accurately described by the Navier-Stokes equations. These equations require modeling of the relationship between the stress and deformation tensor for linear and nonlinear fluids only. Efforts by many researchers around the globe are aimed at directly solving the Navier-Stokes equations (DNS) without introducing the Reynolds stress tensor, which is the result of an artificial decomposition of the velocity field into mean and fluctuating parts. The use of DNS for engineering applications seems to be out of reach because the computation time and resources required to perform a DNS calculation are excessive at this time. Considering this constraining circumstance, engineers have to resort to Navier-Stokes solvers that are based on Reynolds decomposition. It requires modeling of the transition process and the Reynolds stress tensor, to which three chapters of this book are dedicated.