Tarkeshwar Barua - Mobile Applications Development

De Gruyter STEM ISBN 9783110689389 e-ISBN (PDF) 9783110689488 e-ISBN (EPUB) 9783110689525 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Python is an experiment in how much freedom programmers need. Too much freedom and nobody can read anothers code; too little and expressiveness is endangered. ~Guido Van Rossum Python is a very popular and widely used general-purpose interpreted programming language. It features a dynamic type of system and has automatic memory management with multiple programming paradigms including imperative, functional, and procedural. Programs can be created to automate various tasks.

Nowadays, all major IT companies such as Google, Microsoft, and Apple, are using Python as the primary programming language. Python is the most accessible programming language to be learnt quickly in a short period. It can develop any application such as desktop, web application, mobile application, and utility tools, with the help of a wide range of frameworks and libraries available with minimum coding. It is free and open-source available with proper documentation over the Internet. Python focuses on business logic instead of the basic facts of programming. It is available in two versions 2.x and 3.x but primarily, the focus will be on 3.7 and the upcoming Python 3.8.

Python 3.8 will be full of new features with its main emphasis on performance-related issues. Python is dynamically typed, automatically collects garbage, and manages memory with multiple programming paradigms such as procedural, object-oriented programming (OOP), and functional. Python is an agile language that allows the user to do many customized things within a short span of time. The application development can commence from any point of the module and, in the ending phase of application development, can join each other just before releasing.

All programming languages have some advantages and disadvantages. Python also has some disadvantages; some of them are listed as follows:

1. Python is very slow in terms of execution of the program in comparison to other programming languages such as C, C++, and Java.

   Java is the fastest language because of Java Virtual Machine (JVM) and Just In Time (JIT) compiler. For further information, one can refer to YouTube videos.

2. Drawing sophisticated graphics is computationally quite expensive. This reduces graphics quality.
3. Without Cython code, execution is very slow. Cython enables us to compile our code at C level.

   C compiler optimizes the things.

4. GPU or Cython is required for better performance.
5. We can limit the speed of the application in order to use vast resources.

Python is not named after the type of snake. It is named after a British comedy group called Monty Pythons Flying Circus. Python language was created by Guido van Rossum in 1991 as 1.0.

After 10 years, the 2.0 version was released in the year 2000 with new features like comprehensions, cycle-detecting garbage collection, and Unicode support. Rossum was a big fan of the group and their quirky humor. Python programs often use the group jokes and famous quotes in their code as a tribute. With various major updates, Python is available in two major versions Python 3.x and 2.x. Python 2.x is a legacy version that would continue up to the year 2020 while python 3.x is a fast updated and popular version. Some features can be imported from python 3 using __future__ in Python 2.x.

Python 3.0 was released in the year 2008, and it was the major release without backward compatibility, which means Python 2.x code could not run over the 3.x series. This major issue was fixed in python 3.7 version for a large amount of code had been written in 2.X series. Initially, this support was offered up to 2015 but now it has been extended up to . Rossum solely took this responsibility up to July 2018, and now he shares his leadership as a member of a five-person steering council. Now, the steering council will release the next upcoming versions.

• Using the English language, python program becomes very easy for coding.
• Python is based on Interpreted language, which saves a lot of time for the execution of the application.
• Procedural programming, OOP, and functional programming support; using thread module Python supports multi-threading.
• Python Android and iOS templates parse to ease generating a dynamic page for the client.
• Interactive language; Python code never converts human-readable code for execution.
• Interactive language; Python code never converts human-readable code for execution.

  This feature makes Python very interactive by making changes at run time.

• Python supports Android and iOS by KIVY framework.
• Platform-independent; same code can be executed on all available platforms.
1.3.1 What is new in upcoming Python 3.8
Assignment expressionis known as walrus operator(:=). It allows value to be assigned to a variable, even to a variable that does not exist. It follows list comprehension and lambda function tradition: input_text=input("Please input text> ") while input_text!="quit": print("You have entered ", input_text) input_text=input("Please input data> ") and the above-given program can be written as while (input_text := input("> ")) != "quit": print("You entered:", input_text) Positional only parametershelp us to remove ambiguity, as which argument is to be in a function definition position and which are to be keyword arguments.

We can achieve it with the help of forward-slash (/) and star (*), where (/) indicates that some function parameters must be specified prepositionally and cannot be used as a keyword argument. We can define positional only parameters for functions. Here, developers can force some arguments to be positional only. Observe the given example: >>def myfunction (a,b,/,c,d,e,*,f,g,h): >> print(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h) >>myfunction(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8) Traceback (most recent call last):F File "", line 1, in TypeError: myfunction() takes 6 positional arguments but 8 were given in the given example is applicable after python 3.8 and above Python initialization and configuration Python 3.8 adds a new C API to configure the Python initialization providing better control on the whole configuration and better error reporting. Python code configuration is scattered all around the code. Vectorcall is the fastest calling protocol for Cpython. Vectorcall is the fastest calling protocol for Cpython.

It is the default implementation of Python, and it compiles the source code into intermediate byte code, which is executed by the Cpython virtual machine. It allows for far faster internal Python methods without the overhead of creating temporary objects to handle the call. Any extension-type implementation is callable, and we can use this protocol. Run time audit hooks provide two APIs in the Python run time for hooking events and making them observable to outside tools like testing frameworks or logging and auditing systems. An audit hook is an exit point that allows the auditor to add the modules subsequently. This happens by activating the hook to transfer control to an audit module.

The verified open hook allows Python administrators and embedders to integrate with the operating system support while launching scripts or importing python code. An audit hook and a verified open hook allow applications and frameworks written in pure Python code to take advantage of extra notifications.