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- 1.1
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2013 Kristian Rother (krother@academis.eu)
This document contains contributions by Allegra Via, Kaja Milanowska and Anna Philips.
Distributed under the conditions of a Creative Commons Attribution Share-alike License 3.0.
I would like to thank the following people for inspiring exchange on training and Python that this tutorial has benefited from: Pedro Fernandes, Tomasz Puton, Edward Jenkins, Bernard Szlachta, Robert Lehmann and Magdalena Rother
- Python is an interpreted language.
- Python uses dynamic typing.
- Python 3 is not compatible to Python 2.x
- The Python interpreter generates intermediate code (in the pycache directory).
- Quick to write, no compilation
- Fully object-oriented
- Many reliable libraries
- All-round language
- 100% free software
- Writing very fast programs is not straightforward
- No strict encapsulation
- print is now a function
- all Strings are stored in Unicode (better handling of umlauts and special characters in all languages)
- many functions like zip(), map() and filter() return iterators
- the standard library has been cleaned up completely
Simplify the following code using the function sum():
counts = [356, 412, 127, 8, 32]total = 0for number in data: total = total + numberprint(total)Simplify the following code using the function range():
i = 0while i < 10: print(i * '*') i += 1Simplify the following code using the function zip():
names = ['Lilly', 'Lily', 'Leila', 'Lilja', 'Lillie']counts = [356, 412, 127, 8, 32]table = []i = 0while i < len(names): row = (names[i], counts[i]) table.append(row) i += 1print(table)Simplify the following code using the function enumerate():
names = ['Lilly', 'Lily', 'Leila', 'Lilja', 'Lillie']i = 0for name in names: print(i, name) i += 1Use list(range()) to create the following lists:
[4, 7, 9, 12][10, 20, 30, 40, 50][33, 32, 31, 30]
On which data types does the len() function work?
- lists
- dictionaries
- strings
- floats
- sets
Match the data samples with their types.
In Python there are basic and composite data types. The values of basic data types cannot be changed, they are immutable. Most of the composite data types are mutable.
The immutable data types in Python are:
- Boolean (
True/False) - Integer (
0,1,-3) - Float (
1.0,-0.3,1.2345) - Strings (
'apple',"banana") - both single and double quotes are valid - None (aka an empty variable)
- Tuples (multiple values in parentheses, e.g.
('Jack', 'Smith', 1990))
The mutable data types are
- List [1, 2, 2, 3]
- Dictionary {'name': 'John Smith', 'year': 1990}
- Set ()
Values can be converted into each other using conversion functions. Try the following:
int('5.5')float(5)str(5.5)list("ABC")tuple([1,2,3])dict([('A',1),('B',2)])set([1,2,2,3])Find out what each of the expressions does to the dictionary in the center.
What do the following commands produce?
d = {1:'A', 'B':1, 'A':True}print(d['A'])False"B"True1
What do these commands produce?
d = {1:'A', 'B':1, 'A':True}print(d.has_key('B'))1True"B"False
What do these commands produce?
d = {1:'A', 'B':1, 'A':True}print(d.values())True['A', 1, True]3[1, 'B', 'A']
What do these commands produce?
d = {1:'A', 'B':1, 'A':True}print(d.keys())[1, 'B', 'A']['A', 'B', 1][1, 'A', 'B']The order may vary
What do these commands produce?
d = {1:'A', 'B':1, 'A':True}print(d['C'])None'C'an ErrorFalse
What do these commands produce?
d = {1:'A', 'B':1, 'A':True}d.setdefault('C', 3)print(d['C'])3'C'Nonean Error
There are two ways to use Python: The interactive mode or IPython shell and writing programs. We will use the interactive mode to store data on U.S. baby names.
In the first part of the tutorial, you will use the IPython shell to write simple commands.
The commands on the IPython shell cover:
- How to store a number?
- How to add two numbers together?
- How to store text?
- How to convert a number to text and back?
In our early programs, each Python instruction was executed only once. That makes programming a bit pointless, because our programs are limited by our typing speed.
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