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DArcy Jenish - The Making of the October Crisis: Canadas Long Nightmare of Terrorism at the Hands of the Flq

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DArcy Jenish The Making of the October Crisis: Canadas Long Nightmare of Terrorism at the Hands of the Flq
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A definitive, mind-changing history of the October Crisis and the events leading up to it.
The first bombs exploded in Montreal in the spring of 1963, and over the next seven years there were hundreds more bombings, many bank robberies, six murders and, in October 1970, the kidnappings of a British diplomat and a Quebec cabinet minister. The perpetrators were members of the Front de libration du Qubec, dedicated to establishing a sovereign and socialist Quebec. Half a century on, we should have reached some clear understanding of what led to the October Crisis. Instead, too much attention has been paid to the Crisis and not enough to the years preceding it.
Most of those who have written about the FLQ have been ardent nationalists, committed sovereigntists or former terrorists. They tell us that the authorities should have negotiated with the kidnappers and contend that Jean Drapeaus administration and the governments of Robert Bourassa and Pierre Trudeau created the October Crisis by invoking the War Measures Act. Using new research and interviews, DArcy Jenish tells for the first time the complete storystarting from the spring of 1963. This gripping narrative by a veteran journalist and master storyteller will change forever the way we view this dark chapter in Canadian history.

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ALSO BY DARCY JENISH Epic Wanderer David Thompson and the Mapping of the - photo 1
ALSO BY DARCY JENISH Epic Wanderer David Thompson and the Mapping of the - photo 2

ALSO BY DARCY JENISH

Epic Wanderer: David Thompson and the Mapping of the Canadian West

Indian Fall: The Last Great Days of the Plains Cree and the Blackfoot Confederacy

The NHL: 100 Years of On-Ice Action and Boardroom Battles

The Montreal Canadiens: 100 Years of Glory

The Stanley Cup: One Hundred Years of Hockey at its Best

Copyright 2018 DArcy Jenish All rights reserved The use of any part of this - photo 3

Copyright 2018 DArcy Jenish

All rights reserved. The use of any part of this publication, reproduced, transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, or stored in a retrieval system without the prior written consent of the publisheror in the case of photocopying or other reprographic copying, license from the Canadian Copyright Licensing Agencyis an infringement of the copyright law.

Doubleday Canada and colophon are registered trademarks of Penguin Random House Canada Limited

Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication

Jenish, DArcy, 1952-, author

The making of the October Crisis / DArcy Jenish.

Issued in print and electronic formats.

ISBN 9780385663267 (hardcover).ISBN 9780385690195 (EPUB)

1. Qubec (Province)HistoryOctober Crisis, 1970. I. Title.

FC2925.9.O25J46 2018971.404C2018-901226-9

C2018-901227-7

Cover design: Andrew Roberts

Cover photograph: Montreal Gazette

Interior image: (man) Manifesto, Front de libration du Qubec, from the William Ready Division of Archives and Research Collections, McMaster University

Photo insert credits: : Frank Prazak/Library and Archives Canada.

Published in Canada by Doubleday Canada,

a division of Penguin Random House Canada Limited

www.penguinrandomhouse.ca

v532 a To Hlne For all your support over all our years together - photo 4

v5.3.2

a

To Hlne. For all your support over all our years together.

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION
What Led to This

ONE
Bombers and Saboteurs

TWO
The FLQ Unmasked

THREE
Inside the Movement

FOUR
The General and His Men

FIVE
One Troubled Summer

SIX
More Bombs, More Casualties

SEVEN
The Fugitives

EIGHT
Vive le Qubec libre!

NINE
This Wind of Madness

TEN
The Silver Bell Bombers

ELEVEN
The Briefcase Bombers

TWELVE
Prelude to a Kidnapping

THIRTEEN
The October Crisis Laid Bare

FOURTEEN
Exiles and Inmates

FIFTEEN
What Became of Them?

THERE HAD BEEN OVER TWO HUNDRED BOMBINGS dozens of bank robberies six deaths - photo 5

THERE HAD BEEN OVER TWO HUNDRED BOMBINGS , dozens of bank robberies, six deaths and two kidnappings, all committed in the name of the Front de libration du Qubec, all in the space of seven and a half years, and then thisone of the hostages brutally murdered at the hands of his abductors. The other victims of FLQ terrorism had been ordinary citizensa night watchman, the vice-president of one of Canadas largest firearms stores, one of the employees, a secretary, an Ottawa grandmother who worked for the Department of National Defence and a sixteen-year-old youth who had died when the bomb he was planting exploded in his hands.

The latest casualtyPierre Laportewas strangled. He was forty-nine years old and a prominent Quebecker. He had been the legislative correspondent for the Montreal daily Le Devoirthe newspaper of choice for Quebecs political, cultural and intellectual elite. He had also been a member of two provincial Liberal governments and a cabinet minister in both. He was well liked by his constituents and respected by his colleagues, one of whom described him as the best parliamentarian in the National Assembly.

Laporte was murdered on a Saturday evening, amid the October Crisis of 1970, and the services held to honour him reflected his stature. From midday Sunday until midday Tuesday, his body lay in state in an open casket in the grand, marble-walled lobby of the Palais de justice courthouse on Notre-Dame Street in Old Montreal. The flag of Quebec was draped over the casket and four members of the Sret du Qubecthe provincial police forcestood guard.

Pierre Trudeau and Robert Bourassa were among the first dignitaries to pay their respects. They walked the short distance from City Hall flanked by machine gunwielding soldiers, mounted the broad stone steps of the Palais de justice, stepped past the twenty-foot-high burnished-brass doors and stood before the casket for a few moments with heads bowed.

Thousands upon thousands of ordinary citizens waited their turn in unseasonably chilly autumn weather and in streets thick with soldiers dressed and armed for combat. The lineups stretched for blocks, and when their moment came, men, women and children swept silently past the casket and through the lobby and back to the street.

Premier Bourassa offered a state funeral in Old Montreals ornate and magnificent Notre-Dame Basilica, but Madame Laporte insisted on a simple requiem celebrated without organ or choir or dirge, and open only to family and friends and her late husbands peers from the realm of politics. Parishes across Montreal and throughout Quebec held commemorative masses, similar services were held in Ottawa and Toronto, and all Quebec government offices were closed on the afternoon of the funeral.

It was set to begin at 4 p.m., but long before that the authorities had taken every precaution to ensure the safety of those attending, and that included the prime minister, most of his Cabinet and at least one hundred MPs from all parties, the premier of Quebec and every member of the National Assembly, Montreals mayor and city councillors, and municipal politicians from the Montreal area.

The streets for several blocks around the basilica were barricaded. Soldiers armed with riflesand bayonets attached to the barrelskept motorists out. Army snipers were posted on rooftops. Troops manned a machine-gun nest between the two massive towers that soared above the front doors of the basilica. Police had earlier searched every inch of the interior. Barricades had been erected around Place dArmesthe square in front of Notre-Dameand they held back onlookers six to seven deep.

The dignitaries arrived in limousines, aboard school buses and on foot. Once everyone was seated inside the basilica, three police officers on motorcycles slowly made their way through the onlookers, followed by the hearse bearing Mr. Laportes body. The hush that fell over the crowd was so absolute that a policemans footsteps echoed loudly across the square, one journalist noted, and others reported that an air of silence fell over much of the city as the service was about to begin.

It lasted forty-five minutes. Maurice Cardinal Roy of Quebec City presided and was assisted by Archbishop Paul Grgoire of Montreal and two parish priests. Afterward, pallbearers carried the casket to the hearse, followed by Madame Laporte, whose face was covered by a thick veil, and her two children, twenty-year-old Claire and ten-year-old Jean.

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