First published by Ashgate Publishing
Published 2016 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Founded in 1846, the Hakluyt Society seeks to advance knowledge and education by the publication of scholarly editions of primary records of voyages, travels and other geographical material. In partnership with Ashgate, and using print-on-demand and e-book technology, the Society has made re-available all 290 volumes comprised in Series I and Series II of its publications in both print and digital editions. For information about the Hakluyt Society visit www.hakluyt.com .
ISBN 13: 978-1-4094-1484-1 (hbk)
WORKS ISSUED BY
THE HAKLUYT SOCIETY
THE TRAVELS AND CONTROVERSIES OF FRIAR DOMINGO NAVARRETE 16181686
VOL. I
SECOND SERIES
No. CXVIII
ISSUED FOR 1960
HAKLUYT SOCIETY
PATRON
H.R.H. THE DUKE OF GLOUCESTER, K.G., P.C., K.T., K.P.
COUNCIL AND OFFICERS, 1961
PRESIDENT
Sir ALAN BURNS, G.C.M.G.
VICE-PRESIDENTS
Professor E. G. R. TAYLOR, D.Sc.
J. A. WILLIAMSON, Esq., D.Lit.J. N. L. BAKER, Esq., M.A., B.Litt.
Professor D. B. QUINN
COUNCIL (WITH DATE OF ELECTION)
W. E. D. ALLEN, Esq., F.S.A. (1961)
K. R. ANDREWS, Esq., Ph.D. (1958)
Professor C. F. BECKINGHAM (1958)
Professor C. R. BOXER, F.B.A. (1960)
EILA M. J. CAMPBELL, M.A. (1958)
G. R. CRONE, Esq., M.A. (1961)
E. S. DE BEER, Esq., D.Litt. (1961)
Professor G. S. GRAHAM (1960)
Professor C. C. LLOYD (1958)
Sir HARRY LUKE, K.C.M.G., D.Litt. (1961)
J. W. S. MARR, Esq. (1960)
G. P. B. NAISH, Esq. (1960)
Royal Geographical Society (General Sir JAMES MARSHALL-CORNWALL)
Lieut.-Cdr D. W. WATERS, R.N. (1959)
Sir RICHARD WINSTEDT, K.B.E., C.M.G., F.B.A. (1959)
D. P. J. WOOD, Esq., Ph.D. (1959)
TRUSTEES
J. N. L. BAKER, Esq,, M.A., B.Litt. E. W. BOVILL, Esq., F.S.A.
Sir GILBERT LAITHWAITE, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., K.C.I.E., C.S.I., Hon. LL.D.
TREASURER
F. B. MAGGS, Esq.
HON. SECRETARY
R. A. SKELTON, Esq., B.A., F.S.A., F.R.Hist.S., British Museum, London, W.C.I
HON. SECRETARIES FOR OVERSEAS
Australia: G. D. RICHARDSON, Esq. Canada: Professor J. B. BIRD
New Zealand: C. R. H. TAYLOR, Esq., M.A.
South Africa: DOUGLAS VARLEY, Esq.
U.S.A.: W. M. WHITEHILL, Esq., Ph.D., F.S.A.
PUBLISHER AND AGENT FOR SALE AND DISTRIBUTION OF VOLUMES CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, Bentley House, 200 Euston Road, London NWI
The annual subscription to the Society is 2. 2s. sterling ($6 U.S. currency) payable on 1st January. There is no entrance fee.
Members are entitled to all volumes issued by the Society (other than those of the Extra Series) during the period of their membership. As a rule, two volumes are produced each year.
Applications for membership may be addressed to any of the Honorary Secretaries. No proposer is necessary.
THE TRAVELS AND CONTROVERSIES OF FRIAR DOMINGO NAVARRETE 16181686
EDITED FROM MANUSCRIPT AND PRINTED, SOURCES BY
J.S. CUMMINS
VOLUME I
PUBLISHED BY
THE SYNDICS OF THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
Bently House, 200 Eustom Road, London, N.W.I American Branch: 32 East 57th Street, New York 22, N.Y. West African Office: P.O. Box 33, Ibadan, Nigeria
THE HAKLUYT SOCIETY
1962
FOR. C. R. BOXER
IN TOKEN OF GRATITUDE
The story of the so-called Jesuit-mandarins in China was once as celebrated as the story of Troy, and even in modern times it has engaged the attention not only of historians and biographers but of poets too (as in Robert Brownings The Ring and the Book and Ezra Pounds Cantos). This spiritual and intellectual adventure is also a very human drama, for, to adapt Cervantess phrase, even Jesuits are made of men, and they naturally made mistakes and provoked opposition. The case for their critics, however, is much less widely known, and at first sight their attitude seems incomprehensible. Accordingly, in preparing this edition of the writings of friar Domingo Fernndez de Navarrete I have tried to put forward the less popular side of the story and to explain the motives of the Jesuits opponents.
I am grateful to Mr J.-A. Muoz-Rojas and Professor E. M. Wilson who first suggested that Navarrete might repay study; and the former drew my attention to Juan Valeras comment on him (Obras completas (Madrid, 1947), III, 153).
Among Dominicans to whom I am indebted for help are the historian, Dr Benno Biermann, of the Dominikanerkloster St Albertus Magnus, Walberberg; Fathers Jos Mara Gonzlez and Pablo Fernndez of the Philippine Province; Fathers Kaeppeli and Forte of the Dominican Generalate in Rome. I am grateful for the assistance, advice and criticisms of a number of Jesuits, including Father Henri Bernard-Maitre in Paris, and, in Rome, Fathers Battlori, Burrus and Schurhammer, besides the Archivist of the Jesuit Curia, Father Joseph Teschitel; and finally in Mexico I was greatly assisted by Father Daniel Olmedo.
Others to whom I am indebted are Monsignor Dr Monticoni, the Archivist of the Congregation of Propaganda Fide; Monsignor Lemaire, Superior-General of the Society of Foreign Missions of Paris, who gave me permission to work in the Societys Paris archives where I received help from Father Monjean; Father Anderson, Archivist of Blairs College, Aberdeen, who kindly copied for me a letter which would otherwise not have been available to me, since the Colleges archives are not open to the public; and Mr John Graham of the Canadian Embassy, Santo Domingo.
I need hardly say that none of these is in any way responsible for my use or interpretation of the material I have drawn upon.
Mr Pat Gallagher, of The Queens University of Belfast, kindly read the Introduction and made helpful comments on it, for which I am grateful. And I owe warmest thanks to the Hon. Secretary of the Hakluyt Society, Mr R. A. Skelton, for a great deal of help in the later stages of the work. I gratefully acknowledge financial help from the Astor Foundation and from the Universities of London and St Andrews which enabled me to visit libraries abroad. The Librarian of St Andrews University lent me the universitys copy of Navarettes
