A. J. Langguth - After Lincoln: How the North Won the Civil War and Lost the Peace
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- Book:After Lincoln: How the North Won the Civil War and Lost the Peace
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After Lincoln: How the North Won the Civil War and Lost the Peace: summary, description and annotation
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With Lincolns assassination, his team of rivals, in Doris Kearns Goodwins phrase, was left adrift. President Andrew Johnson, a former slave owner from Tennessee, was challenged by Northern Congressmen, Radical Republicans led by Thaddeus Stephens and Charles Sumner, who wanted to punish the defeated South. When Johnsons policies placated the rebels at the expense of the black freed men, radicals in the House impeached him for trying to fire Secretary of War Edwin Stanton. Johnson was saved from removal by one vote in the Senate trial, presided over by Salmon Chase. Even William Seward, Lincolns closest ally in his cabinet, seemed to waver.
By the 1868 election, united Republicans nominated Ulysses Grant, Lincolns winning Union general. The night of his victory, Grant lamented to his wife, Im afraid Im elected. His attempts to reconcile Southerners with the Union and to quash the rising Ku Klux Klan were undercut by post-war greed and corruption during his two terms.
Reconstruction died unofficially in 1887 when Republican Rutherford Hayes joined with the Democrats in a deal that removed the last federal troops from South Carolina and Louisiana. In 1964, President Lyndon Johnson signed a bill with protections first proposed in 1872 by the Radical Senator from Massachusetts, Charles Sumner.
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ALSO BY A. J. LANGGUTH
Driven West: Andrew Jackson and the Trail of Tears to the Civil War (2010)
Union 1812 : The Americans Who Fought the Second War of Independence (2006)
Our Vietnam: The War 19541975 (2000)
A Noise of War: Caesar, Pompey, Octavian and the Struggle for Rome (1994)
Patriots: The Men Who Started the American Revolution (1988)
Saki: A Life of Hector Hugh Munro (1981)
Hidden Terrors (1978)
Macumba: White and Black Magic in Brazil (1975)
Marksman (1974)
Wedlock (1972)
Jesus Christs (1968)
Simon & Schuster
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Copyright 2014 by A. J. Langguth
All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in any form whatsoever. For information, address Simon & Schuster Subsidiary Rights Department, 1230 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020.
First Simon & Schuster hardcover edition September 2014
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Interior design by Akasha Archer
Jacket design by Daniel Rembert
Jacket photograph: American flag Dorling Kindersley/Getty Images; illustration of waving confederate flag Nazlisart/Bigstock
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Langguth, A. J., 1933
After Lincoln : how the north won the Civil War and lost the peace / A. J. Langguth.
pagescm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1.Reconstruction (U.S. history, 18651877)2.United StatesPolitics and government18651877.I.Title.II.Title: How the north won the Civil War and lost the peace.
E668.L272014
973.8dc23
2013051340
ISBN 978-1-4516-1732-0
ISBN 978-1-4516-1734-4 (ebook)
For Sue Horton
Benjamin Franklin Butler
November 5, 1818January 11, 1893
The Union general occupying New Orleans. A Radical Republican, he argued for the impeachment of Andrew Johnson and wrote the anti-KKK Act of 1871.
Salmon Portland Chase
January 13 , 1808 May 7 , 1873
Ohio senator and governor and Lincolns Treasury secretary. In December 1864, Lincoln named Chase to replace Roger B. Taney as U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice.
Jefferson Finis Davis
June 3 , 1808 December 6 , 1889
A West Point graduate, U.S. senator from Mississippi, president of the Confederate States of America. Captured by Union troops in 1865 but never tried for treason, Davis retired to Biloxi to write his memoirs.
Nathan Bedford Forrest
July 13 , 1821 October 29 , 1877
Lieutenant general in the Confederate army, he was accused ofbut never tried forthe slaughter of black Union troops at Fort Pillow, Tennessee, in 1864. Said to be the first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan in 1867.
Ulysses S. Grant
April 27 , 1822 July 23 , 1885
Commanded the Union army in victory over the Southern Confederacy. As the nations eighteenth president (18691877), he oversaw Reconstruction efforts and opposed the Ku Klux Klan. While Grant was personally honest, his second term was marred by corruption within his administration.
Horace Greeley
February 3 , 1811 November 29 , 1872
Founder and editor of the New York Tribune , Greeley promoted the nations expansion to the Pacific Coast and was widely quoted for advising, Go West, young man. Greeley broke with the Radical Republicans to run for president against Grant in 1872 on the new Liberal Republican ticket.
Rutherford Birchard Hayes
October 4 , 1822 January 17 , 1893
Republican governor of Ohio, Hayes succeeded Grant in 1877 when he became the nineteenth U.S. president by one electoral vote. His supporters had agreed he would withdraw the last Federal troops from Louisiana and South Carolina, ending the twelve-year effort at Reconstruction.
Oliver Otis Howard
November 8 , 1830 October 26 , 1909
A Union general, he went on to head the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands. His emphasis on education for the former slaves led to the founding of Howard University.
Andrew Johnson
December 29 , 1808 July 31 , 1875
A slave owner from Tennessee, Johnson became Americas seventeenth president upon Lincolns assassination. Clashing with Radical Republicans over Reconstruction policies, he became the first president to be impeached and was saved from conviction by one vote. Johnson was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1875, months before his death.
Pinckney Benton Stewart Pinchback
May 10 , 1837 December 21 , 1921
Son of a white plantation owner and his slave, he became the nations first African American governor (Louisiana, December 9, 1872, to January 13, 1873). Elected to both the House and the Senate, he was denied his seat by Democrats.
Hiram Rhodes Revels
September 27 , 1827 January 16 , 1901
Born to free parents in North Carolina, he attended Union County Quaker Seminary in Indiana and was ordained as a minister in the African Methodist Episcopal Church. Elected to the U.S. Senate from Mississippi in 1870, Revels became the first African American to serve in the U.S. Senate.
William Henry Seward
May 16 , 1801 October 10 , 1872
Governor of New York and Lincolns secretary of state, he survived an assassination attempt by the John Wilkes Booth cabal. Seward, who remained loyal to Andrew Johnson, bought Alaska from Russia in 1867.
Edwin McMasters Stanton
December 19 , 1814 December 24 , 1869
Lincolns secretary of war, he refused Andrew Johnsons demand that he relinquish the office because of ties with the Radical Republicans. Stanton died days after Grant nominated him for the U.S. Supreme Court.
Thaddeus Stevens
April 4 , 1792 August 11 , 1868
A fierce abolitionist and member of the House from Pennsylvania, Stevens was a Radical Republican who drove the fight to impeach Andrew Johnson.
Charles Sumner
January 6 , 1811 March 11 , 1874
An uncompromising U.S. senator from Massachusetts, he was a leader of the Radical Republicans who first introduced civil rights legislation for former slaves.
Samuel Jones Tilden
February 9 , 1814 August 4 , 1886
A Democrat who stayed loyal to the Union, Tilden ran as New Yorks governor against Hayes in 1876 and lost the brokered election by one electoral vote.
William Magear Tweed
April 3 , 1823 April 12 , 1878
From a minor New York City job, Boss Tweed built a Tammany Hall political machine that controlled state legislators and judges. Tweed was the third-largest landowner in the city, after bribery and payoffs estimated at tens of millions. Convicted of corruption in 1877, he died in a New York jail.
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