Anthony Arthur - The Tailor-King: The Rise and Fall of the Anabaptist Kingdom of Münster

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Table of Contents

I am pleasantly indebted to Rosemary Zahn and Susanne Frhnel for their advice on the use of German names and grammar; to Alasdair Heron for his wise counsel concerning the Reformation; and to Barbara Kelly for her sensitive editorial suggestions on style. I am also grateful to Karl-Heinz Kirchhoff for personally sharing some of his vast knowledge of the Anabaptists with me during my visit to Mnster. Finally, thanks again to my wife, Carolyn, for her patience and her good humor.

Deliverance at Los Ban os
Bushmasters

This partial list of names is limited to those who appear more than once in The Tailor-King. The more important names are in bold type.

Melchior von Buren. Owner of the residence in Mnster that King Jan makes his palace; one of the Bishops military staff.

Charles V. Holy Roman Emperor, concerned with unrest caused by the Anabaptists in Germany, orders their ruthless suppression.

Antonius Corvinus. Catholic priest who interrogates Jan, describes his character and his death.

Ulrich von Dhaun. Commander in chief of the Bishops forces.

Divara. Formerly a Carmelite nun, then wife of Jan Matthias, finally wife and queen of King Jan.

Johann Dusentschur . Lame goldsmith from nearby Warendorf, who crowns Jan van Leyden as king of Mnster.

Hille Feyken. Fifteen-year-old Dutch girl who tries to re-enact the biblical story of Judith and Holofernes.

Dietrich Fabricius. Lutheran clergyman, formerly an associate of the Anabaptists.

Henry Graes . Anabaptist schoolmaster who is captured by the Bishop but is reportedly saved from death by an angel.

Henry Gresbeck. Young carpenter who returns to Mnster to protect his mother, instrumental in King Jans defeat; later writes a useful account of his adventures.

Jaspar Jodefeld. Lutheran co-mayor, with Herman Tilbeck, who opposes the Anabaptists take-over.

Herman Kerssenbrck. Young Latin scholar who witnesses the initialtroubles in Mnster and later writes the fullest contemporary account of the Anabaptist Kingdom.

Bernard Knipperdolling. Prominent local businessman who becomes Jan van Leydens father-in-law and his chief executioner.

Bernard Krechting . King Jans chief of staff who is with him until the end.

Henry Krechting . Brother of Bernard, King Jans chancellor, formerly a soldier, who survives into a serene old age.

Jan van Leyden . (Jan Bockelson). Handsome young tailors apprentice, playwright, and adventurer who becomes king of Mnster.

Martin Luther . Father of the Reformation, stern opponent of the Anabaptists.

Jan Matthias. Aging Dutch baker turned Anabaptist apostle who initiates the terror in Mnster.

Philip Melanchthon. German Lutheran, humanist scholar, and associate of Luther who wrote in opposition to the Anabaptists.

Dirk von Merveldt. Bailiff of the Cathedral in Mnster.

Ida von Merveldt. Abbess of the Cathedral in Mnster (not related to Dirk).

Henry Mollenheck. Important guild leader who organizes the only serious opposition to Jan van Leyden.

Gert von Mnster. An officer in the Bishops army who defects to the Anabaptists.

Johann Nagel . A professional soldier for the Bishop, nicknamed Hansel Eck, or little Hans in the corner, who joins the rebel Anabaptists and is instrumental in their defeat.

Philip, Landgraf (Count) of Hesse. Influential neighbor and friend of Franz von Waldeck, a moderate Lutheran who works for peace.

Bernard Rothmann. Brilliant Anabaptist preacher and rhetorician, the party intellectual and propagandist.

Herbert Rusher. A blacksmith whose early opposition to the Anabaptists causes him to become their first victim.

Wilhelm Steding. A Prussian nobleman who leads the successful final assault on the Anabaptists.

Herman Tilbeck. Co-mayor with Jaspar Jodefeld before the take-over and a secret Anabaptist who betrays his city.

Franz von Waldeck . Prince-Bishop of Mnster, forced into an expensive sixteen-month-long siege by the stubborn Anabaptists.

Elizabeth Wandscheer . King Jans favorite wife, after Divara, who challenges his inhumanity at great cost.

Gerlach von Wullen. A nobleman and soldier who joins King Jans cause.

Friedrich von Wyck. A Lutheran Bremen attorney. Hired by the moderates in Mnster to negotiate between the Bishop and the radicals, he angers both.

	Bishopric of Mnster founded.
1517	Martin Luther initiates Protestant Reformation in Wittenberg.
1523	Anabaptism defined and formulated by Swiss reformer Conrad Grebel.
15241525	Peasants Revolt against Church and state throughout Germany leads to mass destruction and death.
1525	Mnster wins independence from Church and degree of self-rule, government by council and mayor.
1527	Rome sacked and destroyed by armies of Charles V.
1529	Emperor Charles V orders wholesale extermination of every anabaptist and rebaptized man and woman of the age of reason.
1531	Former Mnster priest Bernard Rothmann becomes radical Lutheran, destroys idols in his former church, Saint Mauritz.
1532	February Prominent citizens meet to organize resistance to the Bishop; mob attacks Catholic churches.
March New Prince-Bishop, Franz von Waldeck, assumes post. City limits Catholic freedom of worship and assembly.
May Bishop imprisons local businessmen traveling to Lbeck.
December Anabaptists raid Bishops residence, capture hostages.
1533	February Truce results in exchange of prisoners, guar antees of city independence, declarations of loyalty to Bishop.
March Anabaptists force election of new, more radical council that nullifies treaty.
June Melchior Hoffmann, peaceful Anabaptist leader, imprisoned in Strasbourg; Jan Matthias, Dutch convert, as sumes leadership of radical sect advocating violent rebel lion.
JuneSeptember Influx of foreigners destabilizes Mn ster.
October Mass conversions and re-baptisms begin.
November 4 Remaining council moderates try to evict Bernard Rothmann, now declared Anabaptist; armed standoff between Lutherans and Anabaptists follows. Mod erate Lutheran Philip of Hesse brokers truce.
1534	January 4 Philips emissary Fabricius taunted and humiliated when he opposes Rothmann publicly; Bishop later demands Rothmanns expulsion.
MidJanuary Jan Bockelson arrives from Leyden, Hol land, to coordinate Anabaptist activities in Mnster.
February 8-10 Anabaptists fear sell-out by Lutherans to Bishop, attack City Hall; moderates retreat to stone-walled church. First armed conflict between groups.
ca February 12 Arrival of Anabaptist Prophet Jan Mat thias; new council entirely consisting of Anabaptists formed.
February 27 Catholics and moderate Lutherans driven from the city.
February 28 Bishop initiates blockade.
Mid-March City prepares for Bishops attack; Matthias confiscates private property and wealth; Mnster blacksmith murdered by Jan van Leyden for resisting.
March 27 Dutch supporters coming to Mnster intercepted in Holland.

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