Missouri at Sea
PROJECT SPONSORS
Missouri Center for the Book
Western Historical Manuscript Collection, University of MissouriColumbia
MISSOURI HERITAGE READERS
General Editor, Rebecca B. Schroeder
Each Missouri Heritage Reader explores a particular aspect of the states rich cultural heritage. Focusing on people, places, historical events, and the details of daily life, these books illustrate the ways in which people from all parts of the world contributed to the development of the state and the region. The books incorporate documentary and oral history, folklore, and informal literature in a way that makes these resources accessible to all Missourians.
Intended primarily for adult new readers, these books will also be invaluable to readers of all ages interested in the cultural and social history of Missouri.
BOOKS IN THE SERIES
Blind Boone: Missouris Ragtime Pioneer, by Jack A. Batterson
Called to Courage: Four Women in Missouri History, by Margot Ford McMillen and Heather Roberson
Catfish, Fiddles, Mules, and More: Missouris State Symbols, by John C. Fisher
Food in Missouri: A Cultural Stew, by Madeline Matson
German Settlement in Missouri: New Land, Old Ways, by Robyn K. Burnett and Ken Luebbering
Hoecakes, Hambone, and All That Jazz: African American Traditions in Missouri, by Rose M. Nolen
Jane Froman: Missouris First Lady of Song, by Ilene Stone
Jesse James and the Civil War in Missouri, by Robert L. Dyer
On Shaky Ground: The New Madrid Earthquakes of 18111812, by Norma Hayes Bagnall
Orphan Trains to Missouri, by Michael D. Patrick and Evelyn Goodrich Trickel
The Osage in Missouri, by Kristie C. Wolferman
Paris, Tightwad, and Peculiar: Missouri Place Names, by Margot Ford McMillen
Quinine and Quarantine: Missouri Medicine through the Years, by Loren Humphrey
The Trail of Tears across Missouri, by Joan Gilbert
Copyright 2004 by The Curators of the University of Missouri
University of Missouri Press, Columbia, Missouri 65211
Printed and bound in the United States of America
All rights reserved
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Schroeder, Richard E.
Missouri at sea : warships with Show-Me State names / Richard E. Schroeder
p. cm. (Missouri heritage readers)
Includes index.
ISBN 978-0-8262-1523-9 (alk. paper)
1. Missouri (Battleship : BB 63) 2. WarshipsUnited States. 3. WarshipsConfederate States of America. 4. MissouriHistory, Naval. I. Title. II. Series.
VA65.M59S37 2004
359.8'3'0973dc22
2003027386
This paper meets the requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, Z39.48, 1984.
Typefaces: Gill Sans and Palatino
ISBN-13: 978-0-8262-6249-3 (electronic)
Foreword
In July of 1918, my father, also named Ike Skelton, dropped out of high school in his hometown of Higginsville, Missouri, misrepresented his age, and joined the U.S. Navy. He was assigned to be a fireman on the battleship named for his home statethe Missouri, flagship of the Second Division of the Atlantic Fleet. He was discharged from active duty in 1919.
Although my father returned to high school and received both bachelors and law degrees from the University of Missouri, his service in the navy was a defining event in his life. He was immensely proud of his service and mandated that the only thing that should appear on his grave marker, other than his name and dates of birth and death, was the following: U.S. Navy, World War I.
In a sense, my fathers naval service was a defining event in my life, also. He spoke to me often of his training at Great Lakes, and of his life on board the Missouri. He inspired my lifelong interest in the navy, and in military history in general, which I carried with me during my own studies at the University of Missouri, and which has proved invaluable to me in my work as ranking Democrat on the House Armed Services Committee.
Rick Schroeders book will make a valuable contribution to Missouri and U.S. history and will remind Missourians of the contribution their citizens, and the ships named for their state, have made to American history and nationalsecurity. It will tell not only the story of Missouri warships like the Missouri my father served on, and its more famous successor Missouri from World War II, but also the story of heroic Missouri sailors, including some awarded the Medal of Honor.
As the son of a proud navy veteran from Missouri, and as a graduate of the University of Missouri with a degree in history, I welcome this book.
Ike Skelton
Member of Congress
Acknowledgments
This book is dedicated to my wife, Leah, who patiently allowed me to borrow her kitchen counter on which most of this book was written. It is also dedicated to my mother, Rebecca Boies Schroeder, general editor of this series, who has inspired me with her love, energy, and sense of public service.
I also want to particularly thank my federal government colleagues in the National Archives and Records Administration, Navy and Marine Corps History Centers, and Department of Defense Visual Information Center, who generously helped my research and led me to the wonderful images used to enliven this text, and my fellow professors at National Defense Universitys Industrial College of the Armed Forces who read and critiqued the text. Finally, my thanks to my U.S. Army colleague Lieutenant Colonel Steve Oluic, who created the maps for this book. Any remaining errors are of course my own.
Introduction
On August 26, 1843, the Missouri, the U.S. Navys most modern warship, was en route to China carrying Caleb Cushing, who had been sent by President John Tyler to negotiate Americas first commercial treaty with the Chinese. While stopped at the Rock of Gibraltar, the frigate caught fire and burned despite the best efforts of her crew and sailors of the British Royal Navy to save her.
Over one hundred years later, on September 2, 1945, representatives of the Japanese Empire climbed aboard the most modern and powerful battleship in the U.S. Navyanother Missourito surrender unconditionally to the Allies at the end of World War II.
In June 1998, Missouri returned to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, to become a historic monument, and one month later, the newest and most powerful aircraft carrier in the worldHarry S. Trumanjoined the navy.
Although the state of Missouri is hundreds of miles from an ocean, ships with Missouri names and connections have served the United States since the earliest days of Missouri statehood. Six years after Missouri joined the Union in 1821, work began in the Washington Navy Yard on a sloop of war that would be christened St. Louis, and in all, six ships have been named for the Gateway City, including a cruiser that survived the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, and, with her great sister Missouri, helped defeat the Japanese in the Pacific Ocean. The firstMissouri was the first oceangoing steam frigate in the U.S. Navy, and the fourth, and last, Missouri was also the lastand most famousAmerican battleship of them all. As technological advances changed naval warfare, nuclear submarines began to patrol the seas. One was christened Jefferson City; another was named for one of Missouris legendary sons,