Praise for
Britannias Navy on the West Coast of North America, 18121914
Barry Gough is one of the worlds predominate scholars of the Royal Navy and the leading scholar on the Navys role on the Pacific frontier. This classic is an absolute must for the library of anyone interested in the maritime and naval history of the Northwest Coast and the wider Pacific.
JAMES DELGADO, PhD, past Director, Vancouver Maritime Museum
It is rare that we have the pleasure to experience British Columbias history from the water, but now we can do so, thanks to the consummate naval historian Barry Gough. To travel the tumultuous nineteenth century up and down the coast with the Royal Navy is a treat indeed. Whether we are a weekend boater, familiar with the terrain from the air, like a good adventure, or are a history, geography, or naval buff, this robust account of men in boats is engaging and provocative.
JEAN BARMAN, Professor Emeritus, Department of Educational Studies, University of British Columbia
In this massively re-written and expanded version of Britannias Navy on the West Coast of North America, the accomplished naval historian Barry Gough has turned a small classic of 1971 into a major scholarly work of 2016. The newer chapters, and especially the newer, extended archival notes, will impress every professional historianGoughs command of the sources is remarkable. This vast region of the Northern Pacific, and the Northwest Coast of Canada, has now been brought into the larger story of British naval mastery in the nineteenth century. This is an invaluable work.
PAUL KENNEDY, Dilworth Professor of History, Yale University, and author of The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers and The Rise and Fall of British Naval Mastery
Barry Goughs formidable sweep through a century of British naval and imperial penetration of the northwest coast of North America displays on every page the peerless mastery of an author who has contemplated his topic for most of his adult lifetime. The book is not a naval history; it is a geopolitical study of what Alfred Thayer Mahan characterized as sea power and what Barry Gough much more cogently defines as the pursuit of power and the pursuit of profit, in equal measure. This prolonged British thrust for dominance in the North Pacific would today be encompassed within the term globalization. The author eloquently describes in detail, breadth, and with awe how this goal was sought and achieved by a distant island nation in the face of competition by the sprawling and avaricious United States. Read and savour this book to understand the Anglo-American past in the Pacific and what it means for today and tomorrow.
KENNETH J. HAGAN, Professor and Museum Director Emeritus, US Naval Academy Captain, US Naval Reserve (Ret.)
In this book, Professor Barry Gough has told the enthralling story of how the Royal Navy created, developed, and sustained its Pacific station, which became the largest in the British Empire during the nineteenth century. These far-sighted actions not only developed the Esquimalt naval base but they also secured the settlement of British Columbia in the face of threats from Russian territorial expansion, American Manifest Destiny, encroachment, gold prospectors from California, and Fenian filibusterers. This book is a stimulating product of Goughs fifty years of work as an historian deeply involved in British and Canadian naval traditions.
WILLIAM S. DUDLEY, PhD, former Director, US Naval Historical Center
Britannias Navy updates and enhances a classic that shaped the study of imperial maritime peripheries. The new edition develops the role of the British captains and admirals who commanded the station and the critical relationship they had with London policy makers at the Admiralty, the Foreign and Colonial Offices, which shaped local policies and their relation with Britains global economic and strategic position. These relationships depended on an ever improving system of global communications that linked the centre and Imperial periphery, by steamship, telegraph cable and finally wireless. At the same time the presence of the fleet and the development of support facilities, including the vital dry dock, enabled British Columbia to support a modern, efficient British fleet, and the growth of oceanic going commercial steam shipping. The synergy of strategic and commercial interests within the Imperial system, and the security the Navy provided for local communities shaped by the ocean, did much to promote regional economic development. By 1900 the North West Coast was a fully integrated link in the British global system. The Royal Navy played a critical role in the development of British Columbia, from securing the borders with the United States to promoting economic activity, and has left an indelible legacy on Canadas west coast.
ANDREW LAMBERT, Professor of Naval History, Kings College, London
BARRY GOUGH
foreword by
ADMIRAL (Retd) JOHN ANDERSON
Cover illustrations, front: HMS Plumper in Port Harvey, Johnstone Strait, by E.P. Bedwell, 1862. Heritage House Collection;
Copyright 2016 Barry Gough
Foreword copyright 2016 John Anderson
First published in Canada in 2016 by
Heritage House Publishing Company Limited
www.heritagehouse.ca
This edition first published in Great Britain in 2016 by
Seaforth Publishing,
An imprint of Pen & Sword Books Ltd,
47 Church Street,
Barnsley
South Yorkshire S70 2AS
www.seaforthpublishing.com
Email: info@seaforthpublishing.com
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
978-1-4738-8136-5 (Hardback)
978-1-4738-8137-2 (Kindle)
978-1-4738-8138-9 (EPub)
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing of both the copyright owner and the above publishers.
The right of Barry Gough to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
CONTENTS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Adm. Admiralty or Admiralty Records in TNA
BCA British Columbia Archives, Victoria, BC
Bod. L. Bodleian Library, Oxford
BL British Library Manuscripts (formerly in the British Museum), London
BT Board of Trade Records in TNA
Cab. Cabinet Papers in TNA
CDC Colonial Defence Committee
CMS Church Missionary Society or Church Missionary Society Records, University of Birmingham
CO Colonial Office or Colonial Office Records in TNA
FO Foreign Office or Foreign Office Records in TNA
HBC Hudsons Bay Company
HBCA Hudsons Bay Company Archives, Winnipeg, Manitoba