Margarette Lincoln - British Pirates and Society, 1680-1730
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This book shows how pirates were portrayed in their own time, in trial reports, popular prints, novels, legal documents, sermons, ballads and newspaper accounts. It examines how attitudes towards them changed with Britains growing imperial power, exploring the interface between political ambition and personal greed, between civil liberties and the power of the state. It throws light on contemporary ideals of leadership and masculinity - some pirate voyages qualifying as feats of seamanship and endurance. Unusually, it also gives insights into the domestic life of pirates and investigates the experiences of women whose husbands turned pirate or were captured for piracy. Pirate voyages contributed to British understanding of trans-oceanic navigation, patterns of trade and different peoples in remote parts of the world. This knowledge advanced imperial expansion and British control of trade routes, which helps to explain why contemporary attitudes towards piracy were often ambivalent. This is an engaging study of vested interests and conflicting ideologies. It offers comparisons with our experience of piracy today and shows how the historic representation of pirate behaviour can illuminate other modern preoccupations, including gang culture.
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BRITISH PIRATES AND SOCIETY, 16801730
British Pirates and Society, 16801730
MARGARETTE LINCOLN
National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London
National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London
First published 2014 by Ashgate Publishing
Published 2016 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
All text Copyright national Maritime Museum, greenwich,
London 2014 www.rmg.co.uk
London 2014 www.rmg.co.uk
Margarette Lincoln has asserted her right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the author of this work.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Lincoln, Margarette.
Lincoln, Margarette.
British pirates and society, 16801730 / by Margarette Lincoln.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 9781472429933 (hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN 9781472429940 (ebook) ISBN 9781472429957 (epub)
1. Pirates Great Britain History. 2. Pirates Great Britain Social life and customs.
3. Great Britain History, Naval.
I. Title.
DA375.L56 2014
364.164dc23
2014012043
ISBN 9781472429933 (hbk)
ISBN 9781315570228 (ebk)
Contents
The reproduction numbers of images that are the copyright of the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich are given below. Reproductions can be ordered from the Museums Picture Library by emailing .
Black and White Figures
Colour Plates (between p. 130 and p. 131)
.
I would like to thank the Publications Team of the National Maritime Museum (NMM) Rebecca Nuotio, Publishing and Image Sales Manager; Kara Green, Publishing Project Manager, and Emma Lefley, Picture Librarian for their help in preparing the text for publication and sourcing the images. I am also grateful for the help of the NMMs Photographic Studio: Tina Warner and David Westwood (shooting), Will Punter (organization) and Josh Akin (post-production). Thanks are also due to the NMMs library and archive staff for their assistance with inter-library loans and enquiries.
This book has benefited much from the advice of Pieter van der Merwe, the NMMs General Editor, who has read and commented on the text. The readers for Ashgate Publishing have contributed to the final form of this book. Celia Barlow, Ashgates Senior Editor, Humanities and Huw Jones have expertly prepared the book for publication.
Most of all, I would like to thank Pamela Vince, whose long-ago suggestion that I might like to give a talk on the subject drove me to piracy in the first place.
BL | British Library |
GHP | Daniel Defoe, A General History of the Pyrates, ed. by Manuel Schonhorn, 2nd edn (New York, 1999) |
NMM | National Maritime Museum |
TNA | The National Archives, Kew, London |
Chapter 1
Introduction:
Pirate Lifestyles
Introduction:
Pirate Lifestyles
Emotive Factors
Saved from pirates by a message in a bottle. The startling headline on the front page of Londons Metro attracted even twenty-first-century readers, jaded by their daily commute. Swashbuckling piracy has an enduring attraction, although an outrageous media clich, and the notion of marooned or shipwrecked seamen cramming a desperate message into a bottle, hoping for rescue, or at least that loved ones would learn of their fate, retains an alluring mystique. The Metro unashamedly exploited this popular fascination in order to attract readers to a story about Somali piracy, given that there is a marked difference between modern-day Somali pirates and Western pirates of an earlier era. Rather bizarrely, the age-old, message-in-a-bottle ploy worked and saved the crew of a hijacked cargo ship off the Horn of Africa. Somali pirates had boarded the vessel and cut off all communication. Undaunted, the crew managed to toss a bottle with a message explaining their situation out of a porthole just as NATO ships arrived on the scene: British Special Forces at once stormed the ship and arrested the pirates.
The story is not without equal. The Aberdeen Chronicle, under the bald headline The Pirates, recorded in 1823 that a fisher boy from Footdee, a small fishing village at the east end of Aberdeen harbour, had stumbled on a letter in a bottle which had been washed up on the nearby beach. Translated from French, as reported in the Liverpool Mercury at the time, the letter read:
On board the Agile, near Port Antonio, in the island of Jamaica, we, the captain and mate certify and attest, that, steering for Martinique, have been attacked by a ferocious band of pirates, who boarded us from two boats to the number of thirty; and, having taken possession, we are in the meantime, in the most cruel peril, expecting, every instant, the same fate which two of our sailors have now undergone but they are coming I throw from the window.
1 April
L. Dessain, L. Laplace
Since the date on the letter is incomplete, it is impossible to know how long the message had been floating in the sea, and no one has linked it to a specific historical event. But both stories illustrate a key point: we willingly credit much in pirate narratives that is plainly exaggerated because other, characteristically bizarre, elements associated with tales of pirates are known to be factual.
Few lifestyles are as attractive and, at the same time, as appalling as the reported pirate lifestyle during the so-called Golden Age of piracy, a period that lasted fifty years or so from about 1680 to 1730. On the one hand, what could have seemed finer to people of the time than to sail at leisure in the Caribbean, Indian or Pacific Oceans, enjoying freedom and power few could expect at home, amassing wealth beyond dreams, at liberty to party on deserted beaches, spend lavishly in distant ports or simply see parts of the world that most at home could only imagine? On the other, what could have been more horrific than the gory cruelty pirates sometimes practised towards their victims, the very real prospect they faced of suffering wounds and disease with little or no medical help, and a life shadowed by the constant fear of capture, imprisonment and the executioners rope? The fascination, admiration and revulsion that pirates continue to evoke are powerful emotions that help to explain the enormous popularity of the Pirates of the Caribbean series from Walt Disney Pictures, the many websites about piracy, and the enduring attraction of pirate characters in books for children.
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