Norman K Denzin - Indians in Color

Indians in Color

This book is a product of my ethnographic imagination. Names , characters, places, events, and incidents are used fictitiously. Any resemblance to actual events, or locales, or persons, living or dead, is at least partially coincidental. The dialogue contained herein is intended as a stage play and should not be quoted or considered to be the actual words of the speakers unless a reference citation is given.

To be an Indian in modern American society, to see yourself in Hollywood films or in paintings by Western artists or in Wild West shows is in a very real sense to be unreal and ahistorical ... it is to be one of the vanquished, to be a person who has vanished, no longer visible.

Vine Deloria J (1969/1988, p. 2, paraphrase)

Native Art, Identity, and Performance in the New West

Norman K. Denzin

First published 2015 by Left Coast Press, Inc.

Published 2016 by Routledge
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711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

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All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Denzin, Norman K.
Indians in color: native art, identity, and performance in the new West / Norman K.
Denzin.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-62958-278-8 (hardback: alk. paper)ISBN 978-1-62958-280-1
(institutional eBook)ISBN 978-1-62958-281-8 (consumer eBook)
1. Indians in art. 2. Ethnicity in art. 3. Indians in popular cultureUnited States. 4.
Indian art20th century. 5. Indian art21st century. 6. Taos Society of Artists. 7.
Institute of American Indian Arts. I. Title.
NX652.I53D46 2015
704.0397dc23

2015015468

ISBN 978-1-62958-278-8 hardback

For their contributions to this project I thank Mitch Allen, Katherine Ryan, Paul Atkinson, Sara Delamont, Johnny Saldana, Robert Rinehart, Larry Zimmerman, Sharon Irish, Shantel Martinez; Mary Robinson, Housel Director, and Sean Campbell, Image Rights and Reproductions, McCracken Research Library, Buffalo Bill Historical Center; and the curators and staff at the Eiteljorg Museum of American Indians and Western Art. All that is good in this book is due to Mitch Allen.

I thank Hannah Jennings for book design and production skills, Michael Jennings for copy editing and proofreading, and Ray Nader for the production of the index. I am most grateful to Kevin Dolan, James Salvo, and Nathalie Tiberghien for their patience and meticulous assistance with copyediting, layout, proofing and with the final production of the text. I also thank the students at the University of Illinois who patiently sat through formal and informal seminars, listening to earlier versions of my arguments about art, the politics of representation, Native Americans, the postmodern West, performance ethnography, cultural studies, politics and pedagogy. Finally, I gratefully acknowledge the moral, intellectual and financial support given this project by the past and current directors of the Institute of Communications Research, Clifford Christians, Paula Treichler, Angharad N. Valdivia, and William Berry.

These characters appear throughout the plays in this book.

Adams, Kenneth Millerartist

Alexie, Shermancontemporary American Indian writer from Spokane/Coeur d' Alene

Allen, Mitchcultural archaeologist and publisher

Baca, ElmoNew Mexico State Historic Preservation Officer

Benjamin, Walter (1892-1940)German philosopher and cultural critic

Berninghaus, Oscar E. artist

Blumenschein, Ernestartist

Brass, FerlynNative performer (Key First Nation, Saskatchewan) in Disneyland Paris

Brenneman, Jinacurator, Harwood Museum

Brindza, Christina C.curator, Whitney Gallery of Western Art

Brody, J. J.art historian

Brooka, Van Wyck (1866-1963)American literary critic

Brooks, Melactor, director

Bruised Head, TomNative performer (Peigan Nation and Blood Nation, Alberta) in Disneyland Paris

Buffalo Bill, aka William Cody (1846-1917)performer extraordinaire

Carson, Kit (1809-1868)American frontiersman and Indian fighter

Cause, Eanger Irvingartist

Mr. CoyoteNavajo trickster

Ms. CoyoteNavajo trickster

de Jesus, Juancarpenter, model

Deloria, Philiphistorian, author of Playing Indian (1998) and Indians in Unexpected Places (2004)

Deloria, Vine, Jr. (Dakota Sioux)American Indian activist, author of Custer Died for Your Sins (1969/1988)

Denzin, Norman K., aka author

Depp, JohnnyNative performer

Durand-Ruel, Augustegood friend of Buffalo Bill and announcer in Paris Disney Wild West show s

Dust, Kevin (Kave)Native performer (Alexis First Nation) in Disneyland Paris

Eaton, Marjorie (1901-1986)American actress, painter and Juan Mirabal's partner

Eiteljorg, Harrisoncarpenter, model

Fassnacht, Annetteart critic, Santa Fe New Mexican

Fried, Stephencultural historian, author of book on Fred Harvey

Giroux, HenryAmerican and Canadian scholar and cultural critic, and one of the founding theorists of critical pedagogy in the United States

Gorman. R. C. (1931-2005)Navajo artist

Gover, Kevin (Pawnee/Comanche)Director, National Museum of the American Indian

Graburn, Nelson, H. H.anthropologist of art

Graves, Jenauthor of "Maybe Don't Wear a Warbonnet to the First-ever All-Native Art Exhibit at Bumbershoot, and Don't Trip Over Custer"

Greene, GrahamNative Canadian (Oneida) actor hose film credits include Thunderheart (1992), Maverick (1994), Winter's Tale (2014)

Harrison, CarterNative performer

Hassrick, Peterart historian

Hennings, E. Martinartist

Hewett, Edgar L. (1865-1946)anthropologist, archaeologist, founder and first director of the Museum of New Mexico

Higgins, W. Victorartist

Highwater, Jamakeart critic

Hogue, AlexanderSante Fe Museum director

HombreHollywood Indian

Jung, C. C.psychoanalyst

Kovach, Margaretscholar

Kramer, Kevinemployee of Disneyland Little Beaver