Bruce Bagemihl - Biological exuberance : animal homosexuality and natural diversity

Table of Contents

This project has been a labor of love, one that would not have been possible without the participation and contributions of numerous individuals and organizations. I owe a tremendous debt of gratitude to the many people who helped bring this book to life.

I am especially grateful to all the zoologists, wildlife biologists, natural history photographers, and zoo biologists who generously provided (often previously unpublished) information, data, and/or original photographs in response to my inquiries regarding various species (any errors in fact or interpretation, however, remain solely my responsibility): Arthur A. Allen/David G. Allen (Bird Photographs, New i Geese; John J. Craighead/John W. Craighead (Craighead Wildlife-Wildlands Institute, Montana)Grizzly Bears; James D. Darling (West Coast Whale Research Foundation, Canada)Gray Whales; Bruno J. Ens (Institute of Forestry and Nature Research [IBN-DLO], Netherlands)Oystercatchers; Ron Entius (Artis Zoo, Netherlands)Flamingos; J. Bristol Foster (Sierra Club of British Columbia)Giraffes; Clifford B. Frith (Frith & Frith Books, Australia)Birds of Paradise; Masahiro Fujioka (Applied Ornithology Laboratory, National Agricultural Research Center, Japan)Egrets; Michio Fukuda (Tokyo Sea Life Park)Great Cormorants; Valerius Geist (University of Calgary)Bighorn Sheep; Jeremy Hatch (University of Massachusetts)Roseate Terns; Dik Heg (University of Groningen, Netherlands)Oystercatchers; Denise L. Herzing (Wild Dolphin Project/Florida Atlantic University)Bottlenose/Atlantic Spotted Dolphins; Katherine A. Houpt (New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University)Przewalskis Horses; George L. Hunt Jr. (University of CaliforniaIrvine)Western Gulls; Alan R. Johnson (Station Biologique de la Tour du Valat, France)Flamingos; Catherine E. King (Rotterdam Zoo, Netherlands) Flamingos; Tamaki Kitagawa (Ichikawa High School, Japan)Black-wingedStilts; Walter D. Koenig (Hastings Natural History Reservation/UC-Berkeley) Acorn Woodpeckers; Adriaan Kortlandt (United Kingdom)Great Cormorants; James N. Layne (Archbold Biological Station, Florida)Botos; Michael P. Lombardo (Grand Valley State University, Michigan)Tree Swallows; Dale F. Lott (University of CaliforniaDavis)American Bison; Stephen G. Maka (Wildlife/ Environmental Photography, Massachusetts)Giraffes; Michael Martys (Alpenzoo Innsbruck)Greylag Geese; Donald B. Miles (Ohio University/University of Washington)Whiptail Lizard identification; Gus Mills (Hyena Specialist Group, Kruger National Park, South Africa)Spotted Hyenas; Daniel K. Niven (Smithsonian Environmental Research Unit/Illinois Natural History Survey)Hooded Warblers; Jenny Norman (Macquarie University, Australia)Eastern Gray Kangaroos; Yoshiaki Obara (Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology)Cabbage White Butterflies, UV perception; David Powell (University of Maryland)Flamingos; Mitch Reardon (Photo Researchers, New York/Okapia Bild-Archiv, Germany)African Elephants; Juan C. Reboreda (Universidad de Buenos Aires)Greater Rheas; Caitlin Reed (University of North Carolina/Cambridge University) Crested Black Macaques; H. D. Rijksen (Institute of Forestry and Nature Research [IBN-DLO]/Golden Ark Foundation, Netherlands)Orang-utans; Leonard Lee Rue III/Len Rue Jr. (Leonard Rue Enterprises, New Jersey)White-tailed Deer, Bighorn Sheep; Susan Savage-Rumbaugh (Language Research Center, Georgia State University)Bonobos; Carolien J. Scholten (Emmen Zoo, Netherlands) Humboldt Penguins; John W. Scott/John P. Scott (Bowling Green State University, Ohio)Sage Grouse; Paul E. Simonds (University of Oregon)Bonnet Macaques; L. H. Smith (Australia)Superb Lyrebirds; Judie Steenberg (Woodland Park Zoological Gardens, Washington)Tree Kangaroos; Elizabeth Stevens (Zoo Atlanta/Disney World Animal Programs)Flamingos; Yukimaru Sugiyama (Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University)Bonnet Macaques; Angelika Tipler-Schlager (Austria)Greylag Geese; Pepper W. Trail (Oregon)Guianan Cock-of-the-Rock; Paul L. Vasey (Universit de Montral)Japanese Macaques, other species; Frans B. M. de Waal (Emory University/Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Georgia)Bonobos; Juichi Yamagiwa (Kyoto University)Gorillas. Thanks also to the photo archives of Yellowstone National Park and the American Museum of Natural History for supplying images, and to the many publishers, journal editors, and scientists for permission to reprint previously published photographs (see photo credits on pp. 733735).

I am profoundly grateful to Michael Denneny, not only for his editorial acumen and invaluable insights, but also for championing this project with unflagging enthusiasm and personal devotion. This book would simply not have come into being without his guiding hand at its helm. I would also like to acknowledge the many other people at St. Martins Press who worked on this project, including: Robert Cloud, Helene Berinsky, Steven Boldt, and Sarah Rutigliano. A heartfelt thanks as well to Natasha Kern and Oriana Green, who believed in this book from the very, very beginning and helped steer it through the (sometimes treacherous) waters of the publishing industry. I am also grateful to Robert Jones and Eric Steel for their early support of this project.

A special note of appreciation goes to John Megahan (Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan), whose superb drawings turned my vision of this book into a reality. John brought nearly two hundred animals to life with accuracy, aplomb, and an exuberant visual style, all the while weathering the numerous pressures of this project with grace and good cheer. John would like to thank his wife, Anne, for her invaluable support and feedback during this project. Many thanks also to the other individuals and organizations who contributed illustrations or assisted in the preparation of visual materials: Stuart Kenter and Tom McCarthy (Stuart Kenter Associates)photo research and permissions; Gary Antonetti and Jon Daugherity (Ortelius Design)cartography; Phyllis Wood (Phyllis Wood Associates Scientific Illustration)icon design; Turid Owrenlegal services; and the Guild of Natural Science Illustrators.

I would also like to thank the librarians, information specialists, and other staff at the following libraries, who guided me through numerous arcane bibliographic and electronic searches and helped me navigate their collections: University of Washington libraries, University of British Columbia libraries, Simon Fraser University Library, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles libraries (including the Rare Books collection of the biomedical library), University of Hawaii libraries, National Marine Mammal Laboratory Library, Woodland Park Zoological Gardens Library, Vancouver Public Aquarium Library, Seattle Public Library, Vancouver Public Library. Many rare journals, books, monographs, dissertations, and technical reports were not available at these institutions and were obtained primarily through the interlibrary loan division of the Seattle Public Library. Thanks to the hardworking staff in this division, and to the following institutions and organizations for loaning or otherwise making available from their library collections rare or hard-to-find items: California Academy of Sciences, Evergreen State College, Humboldt State University, Idaho State University, Montana State University, Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, Portland State University, The Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union, University of Alaska, University of Alberta, University of CaliforniaDavis, University of CaliforniaIrvine, University of CaliforniaSanta Cruz, University of Kansas, University of Minnesota, University of Montana, University of Oregon, University of TexasAustin, University of Utah, University of Victoria, University of WisconsinMilwaukee, University of Wyoming, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Vancouver Public Library, Washington State University. For help with translations of scientific articles, thanks to Sergei V. Mihailov (Russian), John R. Van Son (Dutch), and Courtney Searles-Ridge (German).