Mishra - Smart materials for waste water applications

Smart Materials for Waste Water Applications

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:

ISBN 978-1-119-04118-4

Preface

Smart materials have been a thrust area to the researchers in the development of new materials that lead to create new tools and techniques, which will help in the development of advance technology. At the nano size, smart materials often take on unique and sometimes unexpected properties. This means that at the nanoscale, materials can be tuned to build faster, lighter, stronger and more efficient devices and systems. Smart materials have been extensively used in a variety of applications due to the change in the characteristics of the materials with small variation on stimuli. They are also known as responsive materials. Smart materials change their properties abruptly in response to small changes in the environmental conditions such as pH, temperature, electric and magnetic fields. Due to the versatility of such characteristics, these materials are highly applicable in the area of materials science, engineering, sensors and environmental applications. Besides, such materials are applied to develop newer composites, ceramics, chiral materials, liquid crystals, conducting polymers, hydrogels, nanocomposites and biomaterials. These smart materials are highly suitable for environmental remediation.

Water used for drinking and household needs must have good taste and no odour and be harmless to human health as well as the livestock. Clean water is always a need, which often calls for a cheap and efficient water purification system. There are several technologies and have been utilized for the water treatment process. Smart materials have been used to develop more cost-effective and high-performance water treatment systems as well as instant and continuous ways to monitor water quality. Smart materials in water research have been extensively utilized for the treatment, remediation and pollution prevention. Smart materials can maintain the long-term water quality, availability and viability of water resource. Thus, water via smart materials can be reused, recycled and desalinized, and it can detect the biological and chemical contamination as well as whether the source is from municipal, industrial or man-made waste.

The present book describes the smart materials for waste water application and it will be highly beneficial to the researchers working in the area of materials science, engineering, environmental science, water research and waste water applications. Chapters included in the book have been differentiated in three sections: first section includes the various carbon nanomaterials with a focus on use of carbon at nanoscale applied for waste water research. Second section involves synthetic nanomaterials for pollutants removal. The third section includes biopolymeric nanomaterials where the authors have used the natural polymers matrices in a composite and nanocomposite material for waste treatment. The potential researchers working in the area will benefit from the fundamental concepts, advanced approaches and application of various smart materials towards waste water treatment described in the book. The book also provides a platform for all researchers to carry out advanced research as well as to delve into the background in the area. The book also covers recent advancement in the area and prospects about the future research and development of smart materials for the waste water applications.

Ajay Kumar Mishra
Editor
December 5, 2015

Fei Yu

College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, P. R. of China

State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. of China

The as-prepared carbon nanotubes (APCNTs) synthesized by chemical vapor deposition method usually contained carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and quantities of iron nanoparticles (INP)encapsulated carbon shells. The traditional research mainly focuses on how to remove the INPs using various chemical and physical purification methods. In this chapter, we have synthesized many kinds of CNTs-based adsorbents based on the aforementioned iron/carbon APCNT composites without purification, which can be used for the removal of arsenic and organic pollutants from aqueous solutions with excellent adsorption properties. This synthesis method is applicable to as-prepared single-walled CNTs and multi-walled CNTs containing metal catalytic particles (e.g., Fe, Co, Ni), and the resulting material may find direct applications in environment, energy storage, catalysis, and many other areas. Results of this work are of great significance for large-scale practical applications of APCNTs without purification.