ADVANCE PRAISE FOR Marie Equi: Radical Politics and Outlaw Passions
Michael Helquist has written a marvelous biography of Marie Equi. With meticulous archival research and access to oral histories, he has told the story of this generous, passionate, and complicated woman in a respectful and dignified way that Dr. Equi herself would undoubtedly have appreciated. She contributed to the well-being of so many as a doctor, a supporter of workers especially those in the IWW, an advocate of woman suffrage, and an opponent of World War I, for which she paid dearly when she was incarcerated at San Quentin. She was an out lesbian at a time when few were. In this well-written, accessible biography of so extraordinary a personage Helquist has made a splendid contribution to both feminist and lesbian history.
Bettina Aptheker, Professor, Feminist Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz
Michael Helquists compelling biography of lesbian activist Marie Equi, MD, creates an indisputable place in our collective history for this fearless advocate for workers, women, reproductive rights, and civil liberties, a political individualist jailed at the close of the First World War for challenging limits to free speech and powerful negative cultural views about same-sex relationships. Helquist navigates the personal and political aspects of Equis life and career to present her distinctive story. A must read for those who wish to understand more about womens history, LGBTQ studies, the history of medicine, radical history, and Oregon and Pacific Northwest history.
Kimberly Jensen, Professor of History & Gender Studies, Western Oregon University
Marie Equi, stormy petrel of the Pacific Northwest, has found her harbor in Helquists richly detailed and enthralling book. He vividly narrates how, a century ago, this passionate, keen, and caring woman dared to live openly as a lesbian and to fight fiercely for social justice, as a physician, suffragist, abortionist, Wobbly, anti-imperialist, and self-named Queen of the Bolsheviksenjoy!
Nancy Krieger, Professor of Social Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health
Marie Equi has long intrigued students of radicalism. A defender of womens and workers rights, an opponent of the First World War, a committed medical professional who provided her patients with treatments that included abortion, Equi emerges in this well-researched biography as a generous, strong-willed, and committed individual who enjoyed professional success, but openly flouted bourgeois conventions in her politics and her personal life, which was characterized by a series of same-sex relationships. In putting together her fascinating life and placing it in historical context, Michael Helquist has done great service to those interested in Progressive Era radicalism in Portland.
Larry Lipin, Professor, US History, Pacific University
The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources and the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48-1984.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Helquist, Michael, 1949, author.
Marie Equi : radical politics and outlaw passions / Michael Helquist.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-87071-595-2 (original trade pbk. : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-87071-815-1 (e-book)
I. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Equi, Marie, 1872-1952. 2. Physicians, WomenOregonBiography. 3. FeminismhistoryOregon. 4. History, 19th CenturyOregon. 5. History, 20th CenturyOregon. 6. Homosexuality, FemaleOregonBiography. 7. PoliticsOregonBiography. WZ 100]
610.92dc23
[B]
2015021431
2015 Michael J. Helquist
All rights reserved. First published in 2015 by Oregon State University Press
Printed in the United States of America
Oregon State University Press
121 The Valley Library
Corvallis OR 97331-4501
541-737-3166 fax 541-737-3170
www.osupress.oregonstate.edu
To Dale, with awe and appreciation
Acknowledgments
Writing history requires a trek through the highs and lows of inspiration, discipline, and perseverance in pursuit of a story and its meaning. To have company along the way lightens the load, informs the journey, and rallies the spirit. I am indebted to everyone who advised and supported me throughout several years.
The work of historians Tom Cook and George Painter of the Gay Lesbian Archives of the Pacific Northwest (GLAPN) first introduced me to the life of Dr. Marie Equi, one of Portlands early woman doctors, political radicals, and lesbians. Next, the oral histories of Equis contemporaries, including her daughter, by Sandy Polishuk, Susan Dobrof, and Nancy Krieger intrigued me with the possibility of a book-length biography. Kriegers discovery of the US Department of Justices file on Equi and her journal article on Equis history encouraged me to scour dozens of personal and institutional archives, newspaper reports, church records, and court documents. I am grateful to each of these scholars for their early work. Special thanks to Sandy Polishuk for sharing her trove of Equi materials.
Historical biographies happen because curious, dedicated librarians and archivists accommodate one more project and one more researcher who seeks their insight and hopes for their passion. Sara Piasecki, former head of the Historical Archives & Collections at Oregon Health & Science University, and Karen Peterson, former archivist of that collection, provided more assistance than I knew to request. Others essential to my research include Brian Johnson and Diana Banning at the City of Portland Archives and Records Center; Paul Albert Cyr, curator of the special collections of the New Bedford Free Public Library; library director Geoff Wexler and Shawna Gandy, Susan Seyl, and Richard Engeman of the Oregon Historical Society Research Library; Erika Gottfried, Tamiment Library at New York University; Lorna Elliott at The Dalles/Wasco County Public Library; and Sally Schwartz of the National Archives & Records Administration (NARA).
My appreciation also goes to the Oregon State Archives, Multnomah County Library, the Special Collections & University Archives at the University of Oregon, Wasco County Historical Society, California State Archives, the San Francisco Public Library, The Lilly Library of Indiana University,NARA offices in San Bruno, California, and Seattle; and the Department of Manuscripts of the National Library of Ireland.
Relatives and contemporaries of Marie Equi provided valuable insight, including Heather Lukes, Margaret Lahargoue, Jeanine Gordon, George Wright, Margaret D., and Arthur Champlin Spencer. I also appreciate the insights of Philip Klindt about Dr. Belle Cooper Rinehart. For our exhaustive search of court records and newspapers regarding the Harriet Speckart inheritance dispute, I salute Karen Able, a Speckart family descendent. In addition, I am indebted to George Delbert and Marie Cyphers Smith for their recollections of Equis homestead outside The Dalles, Oregon, and to Bette Sinclair for the tour of Equis house in Portland.
Portions of this project previously appeared in different forms, thanks to the encouragement of Eliza Canty-Jones, editor, Oregon Historical Quarterly; Karen Sundheim, manager, James C. Hormel Gay & Lesbian Center at the San Francisco Public Library; Terrence Kissack, former director, and Gerard Koskovich, cofounder, GLBT Historical Society in San Francisco; Sara Piasecki and Karen Peterson, Oregon Health & Science University; colleagues at the Pacific Northwest History Conference, and the editors of the Oregon Encyclopedia Project.