M AUREEN W ALLER
U NGRATEFUL D AUGHTERS
The Stuart Princesses Who Stole
Their Fathers Crown
Copyright 2002 by Maureen Waller
First published in Great Britain in 2002 by Hodder and Stoughton
A division of Hodder Headline
The right of Maureen Waller to be identified as the Author of the Work has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of the publisher, nor be otherwise circulated in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser.
A CIP catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library
Hardcover ISB N 0 340 79461 5
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For Brian, with love
Also by Maureen Waller
1700: Scenes from London Life
C ONTENTS
L IST OF I LLUSTRATIONS
Section One
Mary Beatrice of Modena, Duchess of York by Simon Verelst (Yale Centre for British Art, Paul Mellon Fund/photograph Bridgemann Art Library, London)
The Three Eldest Children of Charles I by Anthony Van Dyck
(The Royal Collection 2002, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II)
Charles I and James, Duke of York during the civil war. Studio of Sir Peter Lely
(Courtesy Sothebys Picture Library, London)
James, Duke of York and Anne Hyde, Duchess of York in the
1660s by Sir Peter Lely (National Portrait Gallery, London)
Princess Anne by Sir Peter Lely
(The Royal Collection 2002, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II)
Princess Mary dressed as Diana by Sir Peter Lely
(The Royal Collection 2002, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II)
Mary Beatrice, Duchess of York in riding costume by Simon Verelst
(The Royal Collection 2002, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II)
Princess Mary, Princess of Orange, 1677, by Sir Peter Lely
(National Portrait Gallery, London)
Charles II c. 1675. Artist unknown
(National Portrait Gallery, London)
Princess Sophie of the Palatinate. Artist unknown
(The Royal Collection 2002, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II)
Prince William of Orange, 1677. Artist unknown
(National Portrait Gallery, London)
Prince George of Denmark, 1687, by John Riley
(National Portrait Gallery, London)
Princess Anne of Denmark, 1683, by William Wissing
(The Royal Collection 2002, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II)
Queen Mary Beatrice, Prince James Francis Edward in the cradle, and Father Petre
Dutch broadsheet
(British Museum, London)
Section Two
James II. Attributed to Nicolas de Largillire
(National Maritime Museum)
Inset: Prince James Francis Edward Stuart. After Nicolas de Largillire (National Galleries of Scotland)
Playing cards c. 1688/9
(British Museum, London)
William, Duke of Gloucester with Peter Bathurst. Mezzotint by John Smith after Thomas Murray
(National Portrait Gallery, London. Archive Engravings Collection)
Mary II c. 1692. Engraving of portrait by Vandervart
(British Museum, London)
Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough, and Barbara Berkeley, Lady Fitzharding, playing cards by Godfrey Kneller (Reproduced by kind permission of His Grace the Duke of Marlborough)
King William III in old age with a candle by Godfried Schalcken
(Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam)
Queen Anne in coronation dress c. 1702. Studio of John Closterman
(National Portrait Gallery, London)
Prince James Francis Edward c. 1712. Studio of Alexis Simon Belle
(National Portrait Gallery, London)
A CKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I wish to thank Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II for kind permission to make use of material in the Royal Library and the Royal Archives at Windsor and to reproduce paintings in the Royal Collection.
Special thanks go to my agent, Jonathan Lloyd at Curtis Brown, and to my editor, Roland Philipps, for their kindness, encouragement and support. I should also like to thank Sheila Crowley, Karen Geary, Briar Silich, Diane Banks and Lizzie Dipple at Hodder & Stoughton for their unstinting efforts on my behalf. Thanks also to Juliet Brightmore for her expertise and enthusiasm in gathering the illustrations.
I am extremely grateful to my husband, Brian MacArthur, and to Barry Turner for kindly giving their valuable time to read and comment on the script. I should like to thank the following friends for offering encouragement and support along the way: Elizabeth Buchan, Lucy Ferguson, Sue Fletcher (she knows what for), Peter Lavery, Diana Mackay and Bob Tyrer.
Finally, I am most grateful to the staff of the London Library, who offered me a lifeline sending me a steady stream of books when I was unable to come in to the library, and to the staff at the British Library for their wonderfully efficient service.
C AST OF C HARACTERS IN THE R OYAL F AMILY
Charles II
The eldest son of King Charles I, he was restored to the throne in May 1660, although he counted his reign from the day after the execution of his father on 30 January 1649.
Queen Catherine of Braganza
The devoutly Catholic, Portuguese wife of Charles II. She had no children.
The Dowager Queen Henrietta Maria
The Catholic daughter of Henri IV of France and Marie de Medici, she was the widow of Charles I and mother of Charles II; James II; Henry, Duke of Gloucester; Mary, the Princess Royal; Henriette Anne, Duchess of Orlans; and Elizabeth and Anne, who died during their childhood. Never popular in England, she died in France in 1669.
James II
The second son of Charles I. He was Duke of York and Albany before succeeding his brother Charles II to the throne in 1685.
Anne Hyde, Duchess of York
The daughter of the Chancellor, Sir Edward Hyde, later Earl of Clarendon, and maid of honour to Charles Is daughter, the Princess of Orange, she was the first wife of James, Duke of York and mother of the Princesses Mary and Anne. She converted to Catholicism shortly before her death in 1671.
Queen Mary Beatrice
The Catholic Princess from the Italian duchy of Modena,
second wife of James, Duke of York and later his Queen Consort. She bore James several children, of whom only James Francis Edward and a daughter, Louise Marie, survived.
Princess Mary of Orange, later Queen Mary II
The elder daughter of James, Duke of York and his first wife, the commoner Anne Hyde. As a child, she was known as the Lady Mary of York. She married her cousin, Prince William of Orange, in 1677. She became Queen Mary II in 1689 and died childless six years later.
Princess Anne of Denmark, later Queen Anne
The younger daughter of James, Duke of York and his first wife, the commoner Anne Hyde. She married Prince George of Denmark in 1683. She had seventeen pregnancies but none of her offspring survived her. She succeeded William III to the throne in 1702 and died in 1714.
