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Charles Leland Sonnichsen - Geronimo and the End of the Apache Wars

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After prolonged resistance against tremendous odds, Geronimo, the Apache shaman and war leader, and Naiche, the hereditary Chiricahua chief, surrendered to General Nelson A. Miles near the Mexican border on September 4, 1886. It was the beginning of a new day for white settlers in the Southwest and of bitter exile for the Indians. In Geronimo and the End of the Apache Wars Lieutenant Charles B. Gatewood, an emissary of General Miles, describes in vivid circumstantial detail his role in the final capture of Geronimo at Skeleton Canyon. Gatewood offers many intimate glimpses of the Apache chief in an important account published for the first time in this collection. Another first-person narration is by Samuel E. Kenoi, who was ten years old when Geronimo went on his last warpath. A Chiricahua Apache, Kenoi recalls the removal of his people to Florida after the surrender. In other colorful chapters Edwin R. Sweeney writes about the 1851 raid of the Mexican army that killed Geronmios mother, wife, and children; and Albert E. Wratten relates the life of his father, George Wratten, a government scout, superintendent on three reservations, and defender of the rights of the Apaches.

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title Geronimo and the End of the Apache Wars author Sonnichsen - photo 1

title:Geronimo and the End of the Apache Wars
author:Sonnichsen, C. L.
publisher:University of Nebraska Press
isbn10 | asin:0803291981
print isbn13:9780803291980
ebook isbn13:9780585310824
language:English
subjectGeronimo,--1829-1909, Apache Indians--Wars, 1883-1886, Apache Indians--Kings and rulers--Biography.
publication date:1990
lcc:E99.A6G3243 1990eb
ddc:979/.004972
subject:Geronimo,--1829-1909, Apache Indians--Wars, 1883-1886, Apache Indians--Kings and rulers--Biography.
Page i
Geronimo and the End of the Apache Wars
Page ii
Geronimo at Fort Sill 1898 The painting is by E A Burbank courtesy - photo 2
Geronimo at Fort Sill, 1898. The painting is by E. A. Burbank
(courtesy, Arizona Historical Society).
Page iii
Geronimo and the End of the Apache Wars
Edited by C. L. Sonnichsen
Page iv Copyright 1986 by the Arizona Historical Society All rights - photo 3
Page iv
Copyright 1986 by the Arizona Historical Society
All rights reserved
Manufactured in the United States of America
First Bison Book printing: 1990
Most recent printing indicated by the last digit below:
10 9 8 7 6 5 4
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Geronimo and the end of the Apache wars / edited by C. L. Sonnichsen.
p. cm.
Published also as v. 27, no. 1 of Journal of American history.
This Bison book edition omits "Eve Ball, in memoriam" by Lynda Sanchez.
ISBN 0-8032-9198-1
1. Geronimo, Apache Chief, 18291909. 2. Apache IndiansWars, 1883
1886. 3. Apache IndiansBiography. 4. Indians of North AmericaSouth
west, NewBiography. I. Sonnichsen, C. L. (Charles Leland), 1901
E99.A6G3243 1990
979'.004972dc20
[B]
89-24966 CIP
Reprinted by arrangement with the Arizona Historical Society
Originally published as a bound, limited edition of the Spring 1986 issue of the Journal of American History, Volume 27, Number 1. This Bison Book edition omits "Eve Ball: In Memoriam" by Lynda Sanchez.
Picture 4
Page v
Contents
Foreword
1
From Savage to Saint: A New Image for Geronimo
C. L. Sonnichsen
5
"I Had Lost All": Geronimo and the Carrasco Massacre of 1851
Edwin R. Sweeney
35
The Surrender of Geronimo
Lieutenant Charles B. Gatewood
53
A Chiricahua Apache's Account of the Geronimo Campaign of 1886, recorded by Morris E. Opler
Samuel E. Kenoi
71
George Wratten: Friend of the Apaches
Albert E. Wratten
91
The End of the Apache Warsthe Basic Writings
125

Page 1
Foreword This book commemorates one of the most significant events in the - photo 5
Foreword
This book commemorates one of the most significant events in the history of the Southwestthe surrender of Naiche, the hereditary Chirichahua chief, and Geronimo, the Apache shaman and war leader, to General Nelson A. Miles at Skeleton Canyon on the Mexican border on September 4, 1886. It was the end of an erathe beginning of a new day for the white man and of bitter exile for the Indians. The documents and articles which follow are intended to throw light on the personalities and events which changed the course of history in the Territory of Arizona a century ago.
Page 5
From Savage to Saint:
A New Image for Geronimo
by C. L. Sonnichsen
Life is almost over for Chokole, an Apache woman warrior. She has been defeated and captured in a battle with Mexican soldiers high in the Sierra Madre in northern Mexico. Badly wounded, she has been staked out on an anthill while unconscious and left to die slowly and horribly. Her body is suppurating. Ants are working on her decaying tissues and on her eyes. Four buzzards are hopping closer.
Picture 6Picture 7
Chokole was about to close her eyes when a swift shadow shot over the ledge. The shadow alarmed the buzzards. They stumbled away, jumping and hopping, flapping into the air. Chokole looked up from the shadow. It was a great eagle. He was tilting, turning against the wind and coming back. This time, he stretched taloned feet and braked against the air, landing close to Chokole. She saw him turn his head, looking at her. He kicked at the sand on the ledge. Chokole blinked her eyes. It was Geronimo.1
This is the Geronimo we all know, the once-notorious Apache, transformed and transfigured by the imagination of novelist Forrest Carter. He has become, for Carter, an Indian George Washington who battles the United States Army to a standstill with a handful of warriors; an Apache Moses who, under instructions from Jesus Christ to Chokole just before the eagle arrives, leads the remnants of his band to a Promised Landa hidden valley in the mountains of Mexico. His people
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