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Edgar Irving Stewart - Custers Luck

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Custers Luck: summary, description and annotation

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This is undoubtedly a remarkable book on a period of American history about which much has been written - the period of the Indian wars in the Northwest, from the close of the Civil War until the Custer disaster on the Little Big Horn. It presents in graphic detail and on a vast canvas the great events and the small which reached a decisive crescendo in Custers fate. Here is no savage battle incident presented in isolation from other events, but a sweeping panorama of a whole ere-inept, hesitant, and tragic.To insure comprehensiveness, the author describes the pertinent facts of the Grant administration, the embitterment of the Great Plains tribes, and the deteriorating Civil War army. The book is the record not only of the dashing Seventh Cavalry and its leader but also of the Grant-Custer feud, Sitting Bull, the Belknap scandal, Rain-in-the-Face, the battle strategy of the Indians, and Custers military rivals. Particular note is taken of the effect on history of Custers recklessness and glory-seeking and of the superstitions and fatalistic determination of the Sioux and the Cheyennes.The Battle of the Little Big Horn, reconstructed in this account largely on Indian eyewitness testimony, climaxed the long-developing tragedy and provided a smashing crescendo to the vacillating policy of the United States government...towards the Indians of the Great Plains.A four color reproduction of an oil painting by John Hauser, entitled The Challenge, has been selected for the cover of Custers Luck. The original canvas is in the collection of the Thomas Gilcrease Institute of American History and Art, Tulsa, Oklahoma, and the publishers gratefully acknowledge the cooperation of that organization in making this reproduction possible.

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title Custers Luck author Stewart Edgar Irving publisher - photo 1

title:Custer's Luck
author:Stewart, Edgar Irving.
publisher:University of Oklahoma Press
isbn10 | asin:0806116323
print isbn13:9780806116327
ebook isbn13:9780806171784
language:English
subjectIndians of North America--Wars--1866-1895, Custer, George Armstrong,--1839-1876, Dakota Indians--Wars, 1876.
publication date:1955
lcc:E83.866.S85 1955eb
ddc:973.82
subject:Indians of North America--Wars--1866-1895, Custer, George Armstrong,--1839-1876, Dakota Indians--Wars, 1876.
Page iii
Custer's Luck
by Edgar I. Stewart
Page iv Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 556368 ISBN - photo 2
Page iv
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 556368
ISBN: 0806116323
Copyright 1955 by the University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Publishing Division of the University. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the U.S.A.
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
Page v
FOR JANE
of whom it might almost be said
that she "lost" her husband in
the Custer Fight
Page vii
Preface
To attempt to tell again the much discussed story of the Battle of the Little Big Horn requires a great deal of courage, and at least a word of explanation. Probably no other event in American military annals has provoked so much contradictory statement or more acrimonious "analysis" than this fateful fight. It is only an itemand a small one at thatof frontier history, but it has been attended by more speculation and by more surmising than many other engagements of far greater magnitude. It has become almost completely engulfed in myth and legend, and the blood spilled on that eventful Sunday has been exceeded many times over by the ink from the fountain pens of historians and military experts who have written about it. There is so much about the subject that we do not know and so much that we shall never know, that it will remain a subject of speculation as long as the American people have a history. For after Custer sent Martin back with the "bring packs" message to Benteen, and waved his command down into Medicine Tail Coulee, no one knows what happened, for of the members of those five troops none came back. And as has often been observed, both before and since, "dead men tell no tales.''
Judged by the standard of actual losses the battle was a comparatively minor affair, but many attendant circumstances have tended to make it one of the most tragic and controversial campaigns in the folklore of the United States. It has become an American epic, believed by at least one writer to take equal rank with the classic story of the Iliad.
Of the white actors in the tragedy, many lips were sealed, first by a sense of gallantry, and then by death. Much that could have been told apparently was not, some of it out of a feeling of respect
Page viii
for Mrs. Custer; some of it out of loyalty to the regiment and to brother officers. The widow of the Little Big Horn idolized and worshipped her soldier husband, and devoted the years of her widowhood to a consecration of his memory. It was long axiomatic among students of the battle that no further light would be shed on its obscurities as long as Mrs. Custer lived. It was expected that when she died the lips of many might be unsealed and new facts brought to light, and that then there would be an explanation for much that was hitherto unintelligible. But Mrs. Custer confounded them all, and by the time she died, most of the participants in the battle had traveled that lonely way before her, and what information they had, died with them. As a result there are doubtless many stories that will remain forever untold, many questions to which we shall never know the answer.
Much of the evidence that does exist is so contradictory that it is impossible to tell even from the accounts of participants and eyewitnesses exactly what did happen, and what did not. Many stories which at first were told quite simply were later elaborated in detail, some of it quite fanciful while other parts were undoubtedly true as details long forgotten recurred to mind. Memory plays strange tricks at times, and then there is the very human love of notoriety which often causes those who tell a story to tell it in the most sensational manner possible. Many persons who have written on this subject have refused to use the accounts given by the hostile Indians on the ground that they are so fragmentary, inconclusive, and contradictory as to be almost worthless. But in common fairness it should be noted that they are no more so than the accounts of some of the white survivors which often disagree on even the most elementary details. And Thomas B. Marquis, one of the ablest students of the American Indian, believed that the veracity of the Indian warriors was higher than that of the old soldiers although admitting that allowance had to be made for the Indian idea of spirit interference in Indian affairs. Also, Stanley Vestal, in his researches, adopted the splendid model laid down by George Bird Grinnell, his friend and frequent correspondent, and gave the testimony of Indian eyewitnesses to great events the credibility that they had long deserved. The testimony of the Indian does need to be used with caution: they were interested parties and many of their stories
Page ix
were told at a time when they fully expected to be punished for having had a hand in the affair. Even as late as fifty years after the battle some of the Indians who were in it professed fear of being punished, and One Bull, a half-brother of Sitting Bull, refused to attend the semicentennial celebration for fear of being hanged. As a result they quite naturally told what they thought their white auditors wanted to hear.
The accounts of some of the soldiers who survived are also open to the charge of forgetfulness and rationalization. As a result of these disagreements, many details of the fight have undoubtedly been permanently obscured and will never be recovered. Much of the writing on the subject has been extremely controversial, and while it has been objected that this has shed more heat than light, such is not necessarily the case since heat is necessary to separate the true metal from the dross whether the problem be one of metallurgy or of historical research. There are very few aspects of the controversy upon which there is agreement; Reno, Custer, and Benteen have alike had their defenders and defamers and in too many instances the cloth has been tailored in accordance with the prejudices of the writer. Upon one thing there is agreementthat it was a battle and not a massacre, unless we accept the distinction which the Indian sometimes makes: when the white man wins, it is a battle; if the Indian wins, it is a massacre.
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