Stanley Vestal - Warpath: the true story of the fighting Sioux told in a biography of Chief White Bull

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title	:	Warpath : The True Story of the Fighting Sioux Told in a Biography of Chief White Bull
author	:	Vestal, Stanley.
publisher	:	University of Nebraska Press
isbn10 | asin	:	0803296010
print isbn13	:	9780803296015
ebook isbn13	:	9780585335476
language	:	English
subject	White Bull, Joseph,--1849-1947, Dakota Indians--Kings and rulers--Biography, Dakota Indians--Wars, Indians of North America--West (U.S.)--Wars, Teton Indians--Biography.
publication date	:	1984
lcc	:	E99.T34W488 1984eb
ddc	:	978/.03/0924
subject	:	White Bull, Joseph,--1849-1947, Dakota Indians--Kings and rulers--Biography, Dakota Indians--Wars, Indians of North America--West (U.S.)--Wars, Teton Indians--Biography.

Page i Warpath

Page ii Chief Joseph White Bull (Pte San Hunka)

Page iii Warpath The True Story of the Fighting Sioux Told in a Biography of Chief White Bull By Stanley Vestal With Illustrations Foreword by Raymond J. DeMallie

Page iv Copyright 1934 by Walter Stanley Campbell, renewed 1962 by Dorothy Callaway and Malory Ausland Foreword copyright 1984 by the University of Nebraska Press All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First Bison Book printing: June 1984 Most recent printing indicated by the first digit below: 6 7 8 9 10 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Vestal, Stanley, 18871957. Warpath: the true story of the fighting Sioux told in a biography of Chief White Bull. "Bison." Reprint. Originally published: Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1934. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. White Bull, Lakota Chief, 18491947. 2. Dakota Indians Wars. 3. Indians of North America West (U.S.) Wars. 4. Teton Indians Biography. I. Title. E99.T34W488 1984 978'.03'0924 84-3557 ISBN 0-8032-4653-6 ISBN 0-8032-9601-0 (pbk.) Reprinted by arrangement with Dorothy Callaway and Malory Ausland.

Page v FOREWORD By Raymond J. DeMallie Warpath is a faithful retelling by Stanley Vestal (Walter S. Campbell) of the autobiography of Joseph White Bull (18491947), a chief of the Minneconjou Lakotas, one of the groups of Teton or Western Sioux. The collaboration between Vestal poet, novelist, historian, professor of English and White Bull one of the last surviving Lakota warriors generated a personal narrative that is graphic and direct, the unelaborated life story of a man who prided himself on the exciting and glorious war deeds of his youth. More than any other volume in the vast literature on the Sioux, this one gives the reader an appreciation for the values of plains Indian warfare in practice.1 All societies throughout the world are composed of individuals of differing temperament and demeanor. Every culture is represented by both dreamers and doers, philosophers and practical people what anthropologist Paul Radin characterized as "the thinker" and "the man of action." To the general public, Lakota culture is perhaps best known through the life story of the Oglala holy man-philosopher Black Elk, whose visions provide outsiders with a tantalizing glimpse of another world of thought and understanding. But no society is made up of dreamers alone; not all Lakotas were philosophers. The life story of White Bull exemplifies the Lakota man of action and complements our understanding of the whole of Lakota culture.2 Just as the collaboration between Black Elk, the visonary, and John G. Neihardt, the mystic poet who told his story, brought together two men of differing cultures but similar temperament, so did that between White Bull and Vestal. Both had been trained to fight in their youth, the one in the Indian wars, the other in

Page vi World War I. Both savored the excitement of war, the courage of the individual fighter tested to the limit. Such a collaboration, of course, results in a composite view the interpretation by an outsider with literary skills of the insider's life story, complicated by the need to transcend boundaries of history, space, culture, and language. As Vestal wrote, "Good biography, like the good life, is based upon knowledge and inspired by human sympathy."3 The end product, therefore, always reflects the writer's interest his "human sympathy" as well as those of the subject. For a meaningful evaluation and true appreciation of Vestal's biography of White Bull it is important to understand why and how it was written, to examine its goals and its biases, its strengths and its limitations. Fortunately, Vestal preserved the verbatim transcripts of his interviews with White Bull as well as a large body of related material, now housed in the Western History Collections of the University of Oklahoma Library. From these manuscripts we can reconstruct quite fully the story of this collaboration between the English professor and the Indian chief. Walter Stanley Vestal was born in Kansas on August 15, 1887. His father died shortly thereafter and when his mother remarried J. R. Campbell in 1896, Walter took his stepfather's name. (Later, as a professional writer, Walter Campbell published his literary work about the West under the pen name of Stanley Vestal.) In 1898 the Campbells moved to Guthrie, Oklahoma Territory, where Walter spent his formative years in the company of the Cheyenne Indians who lived nearby. Indian culture and history became a lifelong passion.4

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