Cavnar Clancy - Peyote: history, tradition, politics, and conservation

Peyote

History, Tradition, Politics,
and Conservation

Beatriz Caiuby Labate and Clancy Cavnar, Editors

Foreword by James A. Bauml and Stacy B. Schaefer

Copyright 2016 by Beatriz Caiuby Labate and Clancy Cavnar

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Peyote (Labate)

Peyote : history, tradition, politics, and conservation / Beatriz Caiuby Labate and Clancy Cavnar, editors ; foreword by James A. Bauml and Stacy B. Schaefer.

p. ; cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 9781440834004 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN 9781440834011 (ebook) I. Labate, Beatriz Caiuby, editor. II. Cavnar, Clancy, editor. III. Title. [DNLM: 1. MescalineMexico. 2. MescalineUnited States. 3. Indians, North AmericanethnologyMexico. 4. Indians, North AmericanethnologyUnited States. 5. ReligionMexico. 6. ReligionUnited States. QV 77.7]

RM666.P49

616.8634008997dc232015022300

ISBN: 9781440834004

EISBN: 9781440834011

20 19 18 17 161 2 3 4 5

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The Publisher asserts that nothing in this book is intended to endorse or recommend individual consumption of illegal substances; readers should consult local and federal laws and ordinances for information about the legality of peyote use.

This book discusses treatments (including types of medication and mental health therapies), diagnostic tests for various symptoms and mental health disorders, and organizations. The authors have made every effort to present accurate and up-to-date information. However, the information in this book is not intended to recommend or endorse particular treatments or organizations, or substitute for the care or medical advice of a qualified health professional, or used to alter any medical therapy without a medical doctors advice. Specific situations may require specific therapeutic approaches not included in this book. For those reasons, we recommend that readers follow the advice of qualified health care professionals directly involved in their care. Readers who suspect they may have specific medical problems should consult a physician about any suggestions made in this book.

James A. Bauml and Stacy B. Schaefer

Beatriz Caiuby Labate, Clancy Cavnar, and Alexander Dawson

Keeper Trout and Martin Terry

Mariana Rojas-Archiga and Joel Flores

Alexander Dawson

Varun Soni

John P. Forren

Kevin Feeney

Bob Prue

Erika Dyck

Maria Benciolini and Arturo Gutirrez del ngel

Vincent Basset

Beatriz Caiuby Labate and Kevin Feeney

Mauricio Genet Guzmn Chvez

Map 1.1
Distribution of Lophophora in Texas

Map 2.1
Geographical distribution of Lophophora williamsii (red circles)

Map 9.1
Distribution of Cora and Huichol in the Great Nayar

Map 11.1
Traditional uses of peyote in Mexico, and areas where peyote grows naturally

Map 12.1
Desert regions of North America

Map 12.2
Chihuahuan Desert

Photo 1.1
After the 2011 freeze

Photo 2.1
Astrophytum myriostigma, a globose cactus in the Chihuahuan Desert sometimes confused with peyote

Photo 2.2
Ferocactus pilosus, a cylindrical cactus in the Chihuahuan Desert

Photo 3.1
Peyote in San Luis Potos, Mexico

Photo 3.2
Peyote in San Luis Potos, Mexico

Photo 6.1
Harvested peyote buttons found for sale in Texas. Each is about 1 inch in diameter

Photo 6.2
Baby Golden Eagle bred in captivity at Sia, on display at the 2014 annual meeting of the Native American and Indigenous Studies Association in Austin, Texas

Photo 6.3
Box of peyote, including plants harvested with the root by a licensed picker

Photo 7.1
Layout of a typically Native American Church (NAC) grounds. (A NAC Chapter in Kansas, 2006)

Photo 8.1
Scientists attend peyote ceremony near North Battleford, Saskatchewan, October 6, 1956, with members of the Red Pheasant Band, NACC, and NAC Montana. Pictured: (left to right) Duncan Blewett (psychologist), Frank Takes Gun (president of NAC), William Russell (president of NAC, Montana), Humphry Osmond (psychiatrist), unknown

Photo 8.2
Duncan Blewett and Frank Takes Gun at peyote ceremony near North Battleford, October 6, 1956, with members of the Red Pheasant Band, NACC, and NAC Montana

Photo 9.1
A jicarero offering peyote

Photo 9.2
Judos in the community of Rosarito

Photo 9.3
The Rosarito phallic Nazarene

Photo 9.4
Huichol male and female Christs

Photo 9.5
The devil (tyiaru) cannot enter the Mesa del Nayar church

Photo 10.1
A French tourist before Wixaritari offerings on the sacred Vernalejo site in the desert of San Luis Potos, Mexico, July 18, 2011

Photo 10.2
Bush taxi offering tourist trips for the collection of peyote in Sierra Los Catorce, Mexico, July 26, 2009

Photo 11.1
Peyote growing under a clump of grass in San Luis Potos, Mexico

Photo 11.2
Pomadas (an oil-based preparation of peyote) for sale by a Huichol street vendor in Zacatecas, Mexico

Photo 11.3
Sign advertising peyote sales by a licensed dealer in the Rio Grande Valley of South Texas, United States

Photo 11.4
Tipi erected for a peyote ceremony in Central Mexico

Photo 11.5
A cluster of peyote tops, potentially sharing a single root, encountered in San Luis Potos, Mexico

Photo 12.1
Peyote ceremony and offering by a nonindigenous group in Wirikuta, San Luis Potos, Mexico, November 2012

Photo 12.2
Stroll to Cerro Quemado, Wirikuta, by nonindigenous peyote pilgrims, San Luis Potos, Mexico, March 2012

Photo 12.3
Bisnagas cabucheras (Ferocactus pilosus), appreciated for their fruits, which are used to make delicious meals

Photo 12.4
Chihuahuan Desert during rainy season, when all life blooms

Table 2.1
Peyote Seized by the Authorities in Mexico from September 2009 to May 2014

Table 6.1
Peyote Seizures in Texas from 1999 to 2012

Table 9.1
Opposition between Coras Judos and Huichols Jicareros

Table 11.1
Peyote Arrests in Selected States, 19932013

Figure 6.1
Annual sales figures from the licensed peyote trade in Texas, 19862012

Figure 7.1
Trendline of American Indians who have used peyote by percent and the harvest of peyote buttons in millions

James A. Bauml and Stacy B. Schaefer

Peyote is everything, it is the crossing of the souls; it is everything that is. Without peyote, nothing would exist.