Colin Gordon Calloway - North Country captives: selected narratives of Indian captivity from Vermont and New Hampshire
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North Country captives: selected narratives of Indian captivity from Vermont and New Hampshire
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Revealing firsthand narratives of Indian captivity from eighteenth-century New Hampshire and Vermont.Narratives of Europeans who experienced Indian captivity represent one of the oldest genres of American literature. They are often credited with establishing the stereotype of Indians as cruel and bloodthirsty. While early southern New England accounts were heavily influenced by a dominant Puritan interpretation which had little room for individual and cultural distinctions, later northern New England narratives show growing independence from this influence.The eight narratives selected for this book challenge old stereotypes and provide a clearer understanding of the nature of captive taking. Indians used captives to replace losses in their tribes and families, and also to participate in the French and British ransom market. These stories portray Indian captors as individuals with a unique culture and offer glimpses of daily life in frontier communities. Calloway complements them with valuable historical background material. His book will appeal especially to readers interested in Native American peoples and life on the north country frontier of Vermont and New Hampshire.
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North Country Captives : Selected Narratives of Indian Captivity From Vermont and New Hampshire
author
:
Calloway, Colin G.
publisher
:
University Press of New England
isbn10 | asin
:
0874515823
print isbn13
:
9780874515824
ebook isbn13
:
9780585323695
language
:
English
subject
Indian captivities--Vermont, Indian captivities--New Hampshire, Indians of North America--Vermont--History, Indians of North America--New Hampshire--History, Frontier and pioneer life--Vermont, Frontier and pioneer life--New Hampshire.
publication date
:
1992
lcc
:
E78.V5N67 1992eb
ddc
:
974.2/00497
subject
:
Indian captivities--Vermont, Indian captivities--New Hampshire, Indians of North America--Vermont--History, Indians of North America--New Hampshire--History, Frontier and pioneer life--Vermont, Frontier and pioneer life--New Hampshire.
Page iii
North Country Captives
Selected Narratives of Indian Captivity from Vermont and New Hampshire
compiled and with an introduction by Colin G. Calloway
Page iv
UNIVERSITY PRESS OF NEW ENGLAND publishes books under its own imprint and is the publisher for Brandeis University Press, Dartmouth College, Middlebury College Press, University of New Hampshire, Tufts University, and Wesleyan University Press.
University Press of New England, Hanover, NH 03755 1992 by University Press of New England All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America 5 4 3 2
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data North Country captives : selected narratives of Indian captivity from Vermont and New Hampshire / [edited] with an introduction by Colin G. Calloway. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ). ISBN o-87451-582-3 (pa) 1. Indians of North AmericaVermont Captivities. 2. Indians of North AmericaNew HampshireCaptivities. 3. Indians of North AmericaVermontHistory. 4. Indians of North AmericaNew HampshireHistory. 5. Frontier and pioneer lifeVermont. 6. Frontier and pioneer lifeNew Hampshire. I. Calloway, Colin G. (Colin Gordon), 1953 . E78.V5N67 1992 974.2'00497dc20 91-50810
Page v
Contents
Introduction
vii
Map of the North Country
xiii
A Narrative of the Captivity of Nehemiah How (Putney, Vermont), 1745
1
The Captivity of Mary Fowler (Hopkinton, New Hampshire), 1746
13
The Captivity of Isabella McCoy (Epsom, New Hampshire), 1747
17
Journals of Captain Phineas Stevens (Fort Number Four, New Hampshire), 1749 and 1752
22
A Narrative of the Captivity of Mrs. Johnson (Charlestown, New Hampshire), 1754, with the deposition of James Johnson, 1757
45
The Captivity and Sufferings of Mrs. Jemima Howe (Vernon, Vermont), 1755, with Letters Relating to Her Captivity
88
The Captivity of Zadock Steele (Royalton, Vermont), 1780
100
George Avery's Journal of the Royalton Raid (Royalton, Vermont), 1780
150
Suggestions for Further Reading
159
Page vii
Introduction
Pioneers on the American frontier commonly viewed the prospect of being taken captive by Indians as a fate worse than death. The narratives recorded by redeemed captives represent one of the oldest genres of American literature, and they helped to establish enduring stereotypes of Indians as cruel and bloodthirsty. More recently, scholars have looked again at captivity narratives as sources of information on Indian societies and cultural interaction on the American frontier. The narratives reprinted in this volume come from Vermont and New Hampshire, focused in the Connecticut Valley watershed between the Green and White mountains, and mainly from the second half of the eighteenth century. They provide insights into life and experiences on the north country frontier and into the nature of relations between the colonists and the local Abenaki Indians. They are also fascinating stories of individual endurance and resilience, and of ordinary people caught up in international and interethnic conflicts.
Many of the earliest accounts of Indian captivities came from southern and central New England during almost a century of warfare between settlers and Indians, and showed the heavy influence of Puritan pens. The Puritans interpreted conflict with the Indians as a Holy War waged in the wilderness against the forces of Satan. Indian raids were seen as a form of divine punishment visited upon erring communities and an Indian captivity was a testing of Christian resolve in the hands of the Devil's agents. A theme of bondage and redemption pervaded Puritan captivity narratives: the hero or heroine was abducted from home, dragged through the wilderness, taken into Indian society, but eventually liberated and returned home. Survival of the ordeal was a sign of God's infinite power and mercy. Puritan ministers used the captives' stories in their sermons and biblical allusions laced the captivity narratives published in Puritan New England. In these early captivity narratives, the Indians, like their forest home, served as symbols and rarely emerged from the pages as human beings.
By the second half of the eighteenth century, however, Puritan influence had declined considerably and captivity narratives, though often still couched in religious terms and carrying a moral lesson, became less
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