LitArk » Books » Politics

Pierre Beckouche Pierre Besnard - Atlas of Challenges and Opportunities in European Neighbourhoods

Here you can read online Pierre Beckouche Pierre Besnard - Atlas of Challenges and Opportunities in European Neighbourhoods full text of the book (entire story) in english for free. Download pdf and epub, get meaning, cover and reviews about this ebook. City: Cham, publisher: Springer International Publishing, genre: Politics. Description of the work, (preface) as well as reviews are available. Best literature library LitArk.com created for fans of good reading and offers a wide selection of genres:

Romance novel Science fiction Adventure Detective Science History Home and family Prose Art Politics Computer Non-fiction Religion Business Children Humor

Choose a favorite category and find really read worthwhile books. Enjoy immersion in the world of imagination, feel the emotions of the characters or learn something new for yourself, make an fascinating discovery.

Book:
Atlas of Challenges and Opportunities in European Neighbourhoods
Author:
Pierre Beckouche Pierre Besnard / Hugues Pecout
Publisher:
Springer International Publishing
Genre:
Books / Politics
City:
Cham
Rating:
4 / 5
Favourites:
Add to favourites
Your mark:
- 80
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5

Description
Author's other books
Similar books

Atlas of Challenges and Opportunities in European Neighbourhoods: summary, description and annotation

We offer to read an annotation, description, summary or preface (depends on what the author of the book "Atlas of Challenges and Opportunities in European Neighbourhoods" wrote himself). If you haven't found the necessary information about the book — write in the comments, we will try to find it.

Pierre Beckouche Pierre Besnard: author's other books

Who wrote Atlas of Challenges and Opportunities in European Neighbourhoods? Find out the surname, the name of the author of the book and a list of all author's works by series.

Atlas of Challenges and Opportunities in European Neighbourhoods — read online for free the complete book (whole text) full work

Below is the text of the book, divided by pages. System saving the place of the last page read, allows you to conveniently read the book "Atlas of Challenges and Opportunities in European Neighbourhoods" online for free, without having to search again every time where you left off. Put a bookmark, and you can go to the page where you finished reading at any time.

Light

Font size:

↓

↑

Reset

Interval:

↓

↑

Bookmark:

Make

The Author(s) 2016

Pierre Beckouche , Pierre Besnard and Hugues Pecout (eds.) Atlas of Challenges and Opportunities in European Neighbourhoods 10.1007/978-3-319-28521-4_1

1. Political Context, Conceptual Framework

Pierre Beckouche 1

(1)

Scientific Council of the International College of Territorial Sciences, Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne University, Paris, France

Pierre Beckouche

Email:

Abstract

This chapter highlights the context of the neighbourhoods issue. This is an uneasy one, because globalisation has become a dominant paradigm. What need would then scientists and decision-makers have to pay attention to neighbours, when the global world is at stake and within reach? Yet, we give the factors that explain the rise of the regionalisation i.e. the neighbourhoods issue, as a complementary pattern, along with the globalisation pattern, of the internationalisation of human activities in the last four decades. We also explain why this issue is poorly addressed in scientific literature in particular in Europe. Indeed, the EU is the most advanced experience of regional integration worldwide. But for many reasons, it overlooks relationships with its developing neighbour countries. We assume here that Europe and its neighbours constitute one major region. Despite unrest and wars in these neighbourhoods, we assume that they offer more opportunities than threats. We provide a territorial analysis of these, showing the tough methodological challenges we had to overcome when it comes to access to reliable data and geometries delineation, which are indispensable if one wants to draw an overall vision of this region.

1.1 The Rise of the Neighbourhoods in the Regionalisation Context

1.1.1 The Dialectic Between Globalisation and Regionalisation

Three factors explain the rise of regionalisationthus the neighbourhoodissue, as a complementary major pattern, along with the globalisation pattern, of the internationalisation of human activities in the four last decades. The first factor is economic: in a knowledge economy, an increasing share of the resources are decreasingly withdrawn to other players but rather produced with other players. The bigger the interaction with players the larger the new resources. Thus, neighbouring countries can more easily turn into strategic partners for business. The neighbour gets a new status: it is decreasingly viewed as the historical military enemy and increasingly becomes the necessary economic partnersee the new East Asian policy of China, which, in the 1990s turned its regional strategy from confrontation to partnership [Beeson and Li ].

The second factor is environmental: the rise of concerns regarding the climate and natural resources has, of course, a global dimension (e.g. IPCC reports), but it also has a regional dimension because dissemination of air or water pollution spreads to neighbouring territories. The domain of the environment provides the most convincing proof that proximity has not been dissolved in globalisation. Moreover, the perspective of costlier long distance transport due to energy price increases, could promote shorter supply chains, hence growing economic interaction with neighbours.

The third factor is political: the collapse of purely national regulation since the 1980s did not give way to alternative regulation at global scale. The recent failures of global regulation in the financial area (2008 international crisis), in the environment area (2009 Copenhagen climate change conference), and in the trade area (Doha rounds successive adjournments), have exposed a need for international regulation on a regional scale, of which the European Union was a primary example.

The consequences of this rising interaction between regionalisation and globalisation are threefold:

(i)

The rise of regionalism , that is the multiplication since the mid-1990s of Regional trade agreementswhich go much further than trade since they can also deal with migration or environment. As reflected in the positions adopted by the FAO and Unctad favouring regional agreements [Mashayekhi et al. ], the regionalisation of efforts to regulate environment, food security, new North-South relations and international economic relations is more and more viewed as a positive complement to global regulation.

(ii)

The confirmation of de facto regionalisation of migratory, cultural and economic international exchanges. For decades, international trade has increased more on the scale of large international regions than on the scale of the world (Fig. ).

Fig. 1.1

The long-run trend of regional integration. The case of trade. Source: Comtrade, ESPON TIGER & ITAN projects, FP7 Eurobroadmap Project, IGEAT, OMC, P.Beckouche

Fig. 1.2

Trade: the impressive rise of the East Asia regional integration. Source: ESPON Europe in the World project, FP7 FP7 Eurobroadmap Project, IGEAT

Fig. 1.3

Despite the globalisation of routes, foreigners mostly come from the neighbourhoods. Source: IGEAT, World Bank & Bilateral Migration and Remittances, 2012

(iii)

What could be called the regionalisation of minds , that is to say the rising use of international institutions and think tanks to figure out internationalisation through the regional pattern. The World Bank works increasingly at a regional scale: East Asia and the Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and North Africa (Mena region) etc., as an example, see its book with the Islamic development bank on the Arab countries integration [CMI, WB and IDB 2012]. In 2011, the Asian development bank (ADB) published a report whose significant title is Institutions for Regional IntegrationTowards an Asian Economic Community; regional integration is one of its three strategic axes, along with inclusive and sustainable growth. Likewise, the strategy of the African development bank is now designed in a regional framework, as expressed in the AfDB Group Regional Integration Strategy; in 2012 the bank published a book very much in favour of a North African integration [Santi et al. ]. Meaningfully, a rising number of large companies choose a regionalised organisation of their world activities: Americas, Europe (more and more Europe-Middle East-Africa), East Asia

1.1.2 How the Neighbourhoods Issue Is Addressed in International Scientific Literature

Since the beginning of the 2000s, the regional issue has also been the target of a huge rise in academic publishing. Things began as early as the 1960s when the European Community came into force: the debate among economists dealt mainly with the opportunity this community represented for fulfilling the five stages of any regional integration according to the theory of Balassa []: free trade area, customs union, common market, economic and monetary union.

The main impetus for academic publishing came from the rise of Regional trade agreements (RTAs) worldwide in the 1990s and what Hettne and Soderbaum [] provide a comprehensive analysis of the regionalisation process in the six last decades. However, the territorial issue remains largely overlooked.

Light

Font size:

↓

↑

Reset

Interval:

↓

↑

Bookmark:

Make

Similar books «Atlas of Challenges and Opportunities in European Neighbourhoods»

Look at similar books to Atlas of Challenges and Opportunities in European Neighbourhoods. We have selected literature similar in name and meaning in the hope of providing readers with more options to find new, interesting, not yet read works.

Pierre Loti

Tahiti The Marriage Of Loti

Pierre De Labriolle

The History and Literature of Christianity

Jon Pierre

Governance, Politics and the State

Pierre Luyckx

Read This Mr. President: An Objective Comparison Between the American and Western European Socioeconomic and Institutional Systems

Pierre Legendre

God in the Mirror: A Study of the Institution of Images (Pierre Legendre Lessons III)

Pierre-Étienne Will

Nourish the People

Hadot Pierre

The Selected Writings of Pierre Hadot

Pierre Seel

I, Pierre Seel, Deported Homosexual

Pierre-Auguste Renoir

Delphi Complete Works of Pierre-Auguste Renoir

Pierre Guyotat

Éden, Éden, Éden

Pellegrin Jean Pierre

Diseases without borders : boosting your immunity against infectious diseases from the flu and measles to tuberculosis

Pierre Viaud

Shipwreck and adventures of Monsieur Pierre Viaud

Reviews about «Atlas of Challenges and Opportunities in European Neighbourhoods»

Discussion, reviews of the book Atlas of Challenges and Opportunities in European Neighbourhoods and just readers' own opinions. Leave your comments, write what you think about the work, its meaning or the main characters. Specify what exactly you liked and what you didn't like, and why you think so.