Monte R Bullard - Chinas Political/Military Evolution: The Party and the Military in the Prc, 1960-1984

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China's Political-Military Evolution

Westview Special Studies

The concept of Westview Special Studies is a response to the continuing crisis in academic and informational publishing. Library budgets for books have been severely curtailed. Ever larger portions of general library budgets are being diverted from the purchase of books and used for data banks, computers, micromedia, and other methods of information retrieval. Interlibrary loan structures further reduce the edition sizes required to satisfy the needs of the scholarly community. Economic pressures on university presses and the few private scholarly publishing companies have greatly limited the capacity of the industry to properly serve the academic and research communities. As a result, many manuscripts dealing with important subjects, often representing the highest level of scholarship, are no longer economically viable publishing projects--or, if accepted for publication, are typically subject to lead times ranging from one to three years.

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About the Book and Author

In recent years the People's Liberation Army (PLA) has relinquished much of its political power to China's civilian leadership and has turned to the task of professionalizing the military. The transition of the PLA into a relatively apolitical force in Chinese society has occurred alongside great progress toward military modernization, with the foundation now laid for the PLA to become one of the world's most powerful military forces. Dr. Bullard traces the PLA's extremely important and almost revolutionary transition, examines the structural changes associated with it, and assesses current military policies and trends. He discusses in detail the political commissar system, the key institution for all political-military relationships in the Chinese military system.

Colonel Monte R. Bullard is U.S. Army Liaison Officer in the U.S. Consulate General in Hong Kong.

China's Political-Military Evolution

The Party and the Military in the PRC, 1960-1984

Monte R. Bullard

First published 1985 by Westview Press

Published 2018 by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright 1985 by Taylor & Francis

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of congress cataloging in Publication Data
Bullard, Monte.
China's political-military evolution.
(Westview special studies on China and East Asia.)
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
1. China--Politics and government--1949
2. China. Chung-kuo jen min chieh fang chn--History.
I. Title.
DS777.75.B85 1985 322'.5'0951 85-3258

ISBN 13: 978-0-367-00832-1(hbk)

To Shan

Contents

1. ii
2. iii

Guide

• A -- Alternate member of the Politburo
• Alt -- Alternate member of the Central Committee
• Bn -- Battalion
• CAC -- Central Advisory Commission
• CC -- Central Committee
• CCP -- Chinese Communist Party
• Cdr -- Commander
• CH -- Chairman
• CMC -- Central Military Council (State)
• CO -- Commander
• DEP -- Deputy
• DPC -- Deputy Political Commissar
• DS -- Deputy Secretary
• F -- Full member of the Politburo
• GC -- Garrison Command
• GOV -- Governor
• GS -- Government system (includes vice and deputy governors, vice and deputy mayors, standing committee members and members of province government organizations)
• MAY -- Mayor
• MAC -- Military Affairs Commission (party)
• MEM -- Member
• MD -- Military District
• MR -- Military Region
• NDSTIC -- National Define Science, Technology and Industry Commission
• NO -- Not a member of the Central Committee
• NPC -- National People's Congress
• PC -- Political Commissar
• Pltn -- Platoon
• POS -- Position
• PS -- Party system (includes second, deputy,acting,and alternate secretaries,secretaries,standing comittee members and members of province party oragnisations)
• REG -- Region RP -- Responsible person SCM --
• RP -- Responsible person
• SCM -- standing commitee member
• SEC -- Secretary
• Sec Gen -- Secretary General
• VC -- Vice chairman
• VG -- Vice governer
• 1S -- First Secretary
• 2S -- Second Secretary
• 3S -- Third Secretary
• 1VC -- First vice chairman
• ( ) -- Indicates first-listed, e.g., (1st) SEC is a first-listed secretary who is considered a first secretary in the study.
• (1) PC -- Probable First Political Commissar

This book was originally written as a doctoral dissertation for Professors Robert Scalapino, Chalmers Johnson and Weiming Du at the University of California, Berkeley, in 1977. The original dissertation focused exclusively on the "interlocking directorate" phenomenon associated with the politics of the People's Republic of China. It suggested a methodological approach using the study of elite roles to examine structural change. Although the interlocking directorate was reduced in scope after 1976, the phenomenon continues to have significance in a historical context.

I have taken advantage of the past six years to add to my original study. In particular, I gained unique access to Chinese elites during ray assignment as US Army Attache to the People's Republic of China from July 1980 to June 1982. I am therefore able to offer additional observations about Chinese political-military relations and the general development of the People's Liberation Army. Both of these areas are related to the original topic and provide some added insights into the direction of political and military change in China. I have also added some comments about analytical methodologies based upon perceptions I developed from participation in the US Government process of reporting on Chinese political-military affairs.

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