Asian Development Bank - District Cooling in the Peoples Republic of China: Status and Development Potential

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DISTRICT COOLING IN THE PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA

STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL

JANUARY 2017

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO)

2017 Asian Development Bank

6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines

Tel +63 2 632 4444; Fax +63 2 636 2444

www.adb.org

Some rights reserved. Published in 2017.

Printed in the Philippines.

ISBN 978-92-9257-709-4 (Print), 978-92-9257-710-0 (e-ISBN)

Publication Stock No. RPT168582-2

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/RPT168582-2

Cataloging-In-Publication Data

Asian Development Bank.

District cooling in the Peoples Republic of China: Status and Development Potential

Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2017.

1. District cooling. 2. Peoples Republic of China. 3. Energy efficiency.

I. Asian Development Bank.

The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent.

ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.

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This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/. By using the content of this publication, you agree to be bound by the terms of this license.

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ADB recognizes China as the Peoples Republic of China.

Abbreviations

CCHP	combined cooling, heating, and power (plant)
CHP	combined heat and power (plant)
CNY	Chinese yuan
EFLH	equivalent full-load hour
GW	gigawatt
kW	kilowatt
m2	square meter
MW	megawatt
MWh	megawatt-hour
PRC	Peoples Republic of China
TWh	terawatt-hour

Executive Summary

District cooling is a well-known concept in the Peoples Republic of China (PRC), where its foundations were laid at the start of the millennium. The term is variously defined in the country. Centralized cooling systems for individual buildings or small building blocks are generally not considered to be district cooling.

Because of the unclear definition of the concept and the fact that no national organization is responsible for gathering the information and promoting the development of district cooling in the PRC, district cooling statistics are hard to find. However, distinguished experts in the district cooling field, including academics and other individuals interviewed for this study, have much experience and fact-based knowledge regarding the district cooling market. Furthermore, there is an abundance of articles on district cooling, most of them dealing with specific technologies and implemented projects.

The business climate for district cooling in the PRC is relatively similar to that in other countries, and can be described as market driven. In the absence of regulations specific to district cooling, some building codes indirectly support the energy efficiency improvements espoused by district cooling.

International best practice technologies are available, but many district cooling projects are not selected, developed, and implemented according to international standards. Questionable successes among relatively large-scale district cooling systems serving as reference points for the entire concept of district cooling have caused justifiable skepticism.

Although the relatively more mature markets in North America, the Middle East, Europe, and Japan account for over 80% of the global district cooling market, the PRC has a larger market than either Japan or Europe, and could conceivably catch up with North America within 5 years.

This study concludes that district cooling is feasible in the PRC and deserves further development because it can significantly improve the efficiency of energy use, as well as indoor climate, with energy from different sources including renewables. Commercial building blocks, such as central business districts and transit-oriented development areas, airports, hospitals, and industries with relatively high cooling demand and predictable load patterns, are the suggested target consumers.

The establishment of a national coordinating body to pursue the development of district cooling and compile a handbook of district cooling best practices for the PRC could encourage the wider adoption of district cooling in the country. Technical assistance to institutionalize the practice of district cooling in its operations would be beneficial.

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