This book is sponsored by The Committee on Japanese Economic Studies and the Forschungsinstitut fr wirtschaftlich-technische Entwicklungen in Japan und im Pazifikraum e.V. of Universitt Duisburg, with the financial assistance of the United StatesJapan Foundation, the Peter Klckner Foundation, the Japan Foundation, and the Nomura Foundation. The publication of this book is made possible by a subvention provided by the Verein zur Frderung der kulturellen und wissenschaftlichen Beziehungen zwischen Japan und der Bundesrepublic Deutschland.
Copyright 1990 by the University of Washington Press
Printed in the United States of America
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Published in Japan and Asia by University of Tokyo Press. ISBN 4-13-047047-7 Distributed in Germany by Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft MBH und Co. KG, P.O. Box 610, 7570 Baden-Baden, FRG. ISBN 3-7890-2133-4
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Technological competition and interdependence : the search for policy in the United States, West Germany, and Japan / edited by Gnter Heiduk and Kz Yamamura.
p. cm.
Revised papers originally presented at a symposium held in Duisburg, West Germany in August 1987 which was sponsored by the Committee on Japanese Economic Studies of the United States and the Forschungsinstitut fr wirtschaftlich-technische Entwicklungen in Japan und im Pazifikraum e.V. of Duisburg University. ISBN 0-295-96931-8
1. Technology and stateUnited States. 2. Technology and stateGermany (West) 3. Technology and stateJapan. 4. Competition. International. I. Heiduk, Gnter. II. Yamamura, Kz. III. Committee on Japanese Economic Studies (U.S.) IV. Forschungsinstitut fr wirtschaftlich-technische Entwicklungen in Japan und im Pazifikraum e.V.
T21.T39 199089-28169
338.97306dc20CIP
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information SciencesPermanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.481984.
Preface
This volume is the result of a symposium held in Duisburg, West Germany, in August 1987 and attended by economists and political scientists of Japan, West Germany, and the United States. Because the symposium was both international and interdisciplinary with ambitious goals as described in the Introduction, preparing this volume for publication took much more time than the editors and participants had anticipated and hoped. To benefit from comments and criticisms made on their papers at the symposium, all authors felt it necessary to revise the papers they had originally presented. Although time-consuming, this was a process the editors welcomed because it attested to the liveliness and usefulness of the interdisciplinary and international exchange of views that occurred at the symposium. The very process of editing the final manuscripts also proved time-consuming because these works of economists and political scientists represented three different nationalities with styles of exposition that varied widely.
The editors and participants alike hope that what is presented in this volume justifies the nearly two years of collaborative efforts across the Pacific and Atlantic oceans and that despite the delay in publication, readers will find the issues raised and analyses offered in this volume useful and stimulating not only in better understanding and in conducting analytic studies of the issues examined but also in formulating public policy to promote technological progress at home and to increase cooperation and minimize conflicts among the technological leaders.
An international conference such as this requires the cooperation and assistance of many organizations and individuals and the funding provided by several sources in all three nations. The symposium was conceived, planned, and administered as a joint project of the Forschungsinstitut fr wirtschaftlich-technische Entwicklungen in Japan und im Pazifikraum e. V. (FJP) of Duisburg University and the Committee on Japanese Economic Studies of the United States (Masahiko Aoki, Stanford University; Koichi Hamada, Yale University; Solomon Levine, University of Wisconsin; Hugh Patrick, Columbia University; Henry Rosovsky, Harvard University; Kazuo Sato, Rutgers University; Gary Saxonhouse, University of Michigan; and Kozo Yamamura, University of Washington). The primary goal of the former, the only such institute in West Germany, is to promote understanding of the economies and technological developments in Japan and other Asian nations. The latter is a committee of American specialists of the Japanese economy, organized to undertake and sponsor research and other education projects to increase understanding of the Japanese economy and its relations with the United States and other nations. Since its creation a decade ago, the committee has organized conferences that have resulted in several publications, all published by the University of Washington Press: Kozo Yamamura, ed., Policy and Trade Issues of the Japanese Economy: American and Japanese Perspectives (1982); Gary R. Saxonhouse and Kozo Yamamura, eds., Law and Trade Issues of the Japanese Economy: American and Japanese Perspectives (1986); and Hugh Patrick, ed., Japans High Technology Industries: Lessons and Limitations of Industrial Policy (1986).
The coeditors of this volume are most grateful to all who contributed in various ways to make the publication of this volume possible. We first wish to express our sincere appreciation to Professors Kuniko Inoguchi, Erich Kaufer, Wolfgang Klenner, Klaus Mller, Dieter Cassel, Ingo Bbel, and Willy Kraus, who participated in the symposium and contributed actively to the discussion and debate, and to the FJP and the committee, which endorsed and supported this symposium. Heiduk wishes to thank Rektor Gernot Born of Duisburg University, who gave the symposium his unqualified support. Yamamura is most appreciative of the active support Gary Saxonhouse, chairman of the committee, provided from the earliest stage of organizing the symposium and also as an active participant.
Our deep appreciation is due to the foundations that supported the symposium. Generous funding provided by the United StatesJapan Foundation enabled the committee to fund a large part of the cost of inviting American and Japanese scholars. The Peter Klckner Foundation made a substantial grant to enable the cosponsors of the symposium to invite German scholars and to defray a significant part of the costs of the symposium proceedings. Our special thanks are due to the Verein zur Frderung der kulturellen und wissenschaftlichen Beziehungen zwischen Japan und der Bundesrepublik Deutschland for providing publication assistance for this volume. In addition, we are most appreciative of financial assistance received from the Japan Foundation and the Nomura Foundation, each of which provided crucial assistance in meeting various expenses of the symposium. Heiduk also wishes to acknowledge the crucial continuing support that is given by Gesellschaft der Freunde der Niederrheinischen Universitt Duisburg to the FJP, making the activities of FJP, including this symposium, possible.
