Studies in Economics and Political Science
Volume 3
The Gaullist Phenomenon
First published in English in 1971 by George Allen & Unwin Ltd
This edition first published in 2022
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1971 George Allen & Unwin Ltd
Le phnomne gaulliste first published by Fayard, Paris, 1970
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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN: 978-1-03-212459-9 (Set)
ISBN: 978-1-00-322951-3 (Set) (ebk)
ISBN: 978-1-03-212666-1 (Volume 3) (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-03-212675-3 (Volume 3) (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-00-322564-5 (Volume 3) (ebk)
DOI: 10.4324/9781003225645
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First published in English in 1971
This book is copyright under the Berne Convention. All rights are reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, 1956, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, electrical, chemical, mechanical, optical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Enquiries should be addressed to the publishers.
This translation George Allen & Unwin Ltd 1971
Le phnomne gaulliste first published
by Fayard, Paris, 1970
ISBN 0 04 320069 9 Cased
0 04 320070 2 Paper
Printed in Great Britain
in 10 point Plantin type
by The Aldine Press, Letchworth
To Monica
Tables
4. The degree of popularity and unpopularity of General de Gaulle as President of the Republic
5. The image of General de Gaulle
6. Appreciation of General de Gaulles actions when in power
7. Public opinion and the institutions of the Fifth Republic: the mechanisms
8. Public opinion and the institutions of the Fifth Republic: the distribution of power
9. Public opinion and the international role of France
10. Public opinion and gaullist international policy
11. Gaullism and the standard of living (subjective appreciation of the standard of living by each political family)
12. The sociological composition of the gaullist electorate
13. A comparison between the sociological penetration of the gaullists and the left
14. Gaullism versus the left in France, Conservative versus Labour in Great Britain
15. Comparison between the electorates of de Gaulle and the gaullists
16. The dynamics of the majority (seats won outright or by the conversion of an outgoing deputy, and held thereafter)
17. Ups and downs of electoral successes: June 1968 and March 1967
18. Classification of the constituencies in metropolitan France, from the point of view of gaullism in 1968
19. Resistance activities, partisanship and rninisterial responsibilities
20. Changes in the composition of the government
21. The sixty-two Independent Republican deputies elected in June 1968 (socio-professional characteristics)
22. The leaders of the gaullist parliamentary party
Illustrations
MAP showing penetration of the gaullist majority in 1968
FIGURE
2. The popularity of General de Gaulle
3. The popularity of the Presidents of the Council (Fourth Republic), of the Prime Ministers and of the President of the Republic (Fifth Republic)
4. Popularity and unpopularity of General de Gaulle and of the government of the Fifth Republic (annual averages)
5. Intensity of gaullism and anti-gaullism in relation to General De Gaulle (annual averages)
6. Confidence in the various political families
7. Comparison of the socio-professional composition of the different electorates with that of the adult population in metropolitan France
8. Differences in percentage between the socio-professional composition of the different electorates and that of the adult population in metropolitan France
9. A comparison of the penetration into sociological groups by the gaullists and the left
Terms and Abbreviations
C.D.Centre dmocrateC.D.P.Centre dmocratie et progrsC.D.R.Comits de dfense de la RpubliqueC.F.E.I.Centre fminine dtudes et dinformationC.I.CCentre dinformation civiqueC.N.I.(P.)Centre national des indpendants (et paysans)C.R.R.Centre de la Rforme rpublicaineF.G.D.S.Fdration de la gauche dmocrate et socialisteF.L.N.Front de libration national (Algeria)(F.N.)R.I.(Federation nationale des) Rpublicains indpendantsF.N.S.P.Fondation nationale des sciences politiques (Paris)I.F.O.P.Institut franais dopinion publique (opinion polls)J.R.I.Feunes Rpublicains indpendantsM.R.P.Mouvement rpublicain populaire (Christian Democratic Party)N.A.T.O.North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationO.A.S.Organisation arme secrte (Algerian European terrorists)P.C.(F.)Parti communiste (franais)P.D.M.Progrs et dmocratie moderneP.S.U.Parti socialiste unifiR.P.F.Rassemblement du peuple franais (Gaullist party 1947-53)S.A.C.Service daction civiqueS.F.I.O.Parti socialiste (section franaise de IInternationale ouvrire)U.D.VeUnion des dmocrates pour la Ve Rpublique (Gaullist party 1967-8)U.D.R.Union des dmocrates pour la Rpublique (Gaullist party 1968- )U.D.T.Union dmocratique du travailU.G.VeUnion de la gauche Ve RpubliqueU.G.P.Union gaulliste populaireU.J.P.Union des jeunes pour le ProgrsU.N.R.Union pour la nouvelle Rpublique (Gaullist party 1958-67)
Introduction A Political Transformation
Two-thirds of this work had been completed when the country was thunderstruck by the final NO at the referendum on April 27, 1969. General de Gaulle resigned a little more than ten years after having become President in 1958. Gaullism was subjected to its supreme trial: that of finding an answer to the question of the succession. Many had forecast and still believed that the outcome would be fatal; but our analysis had led us to the conclusion that since 1962 the political fate of gaullism had no longer been bound up with the fate of its founder. The morning after the referendum, we wrote an article for Le Monde on the theme that the NO of April 27 probably marked the end of one particular gaullism but not the end of gaullism.1 Needless to say, we followed the opinion polls long unfavourable towards Georges Pompidou with the intensity not of a supporter but of a scientist poring over his apparatus, fearing the fatal moment when his whole theory will collapse. Was it luck, or the accuracy of our analysis? The factors at stake, numerous and inextricable, oblige the political theorist to be more cautious and more modest than the scientist or the mathematician. However that may be, Georges Pompidou succeeded General de Gaulle to the Presidency on June 15, 1969, and we have been able to finish the book by publishing what had already been drafted with the addition of a supplementary chapter to the part on presidential gaullism (Part Three).
