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A Peacebuilding Tool for a Conflict-Sensitive Approach to Development

A pilot initiative in Nepal

Asian Development Bank

2012 Asian Development Bank

All rights reserved. Published in 2012.
Printed in the Philippines.

ISBN 978-92-9092-603-0 (Print), 978-92-9092-604-7 (PDF)
Publication Stock No. RPT124465

Cataloging-In-Publication Data.

Asian Development Bank.

A Peacebuilding Tool for a Conflict-Sensitive Approach to Development: A pilot initiative in Nepal.

Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2012.

The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent.

ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use.

By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term country in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

ADB encourages printing or copying information exclusively for personal and noncommercial use with proper acknowledgment of ADB. Users are restricted from reselling, redistributing, or creating derivative works for commercial purposes without the express, written consent of ADB.

Cover photo: Takeshi Takahara

Note: In this publication, $ refers to US dollars.

Asian Development Bank
6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City
1550 Metro Manila, Philippines
Tel +63 2 632 4444
Fax +63 2 636 2444
www.adb.org/fragile-situations

For orders, please contact:
Department of External Relations
Fax+63 2 636 2648

Contents

Abbreviations

Background

Acknowledgments

Executive Summary

Chapter 1: Introduction

Conflict in Nepal

ADBs Engagement in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Situations

Chapter 2: Using the Peacebuilding Tool for Conflict Sensitivity

Using the Peacebuilding Tool in Project Preparation

Using the Peacebuilding Tool in Project Monitoring

Chapter 3: Lessons Learned from Using the Peacebuilding Tool

Gaining Local Support to Development Aid

Security and Development

Benefits of Using the Peacebuilding Tool

Challenges in Using the Peacebuilding Tool

Knowledge and Skills Required for Using the Peacebuilding Tool

Chapter 4: Development Partner Coordination in Peacebuilding

Platforms for Coordination

ADBs Role in Familiarizing Others with the Peacebuilding Tool

Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations

Boxes

Box 1: Kathmandu Valley Water Supply and Waste Water Improvement Project

Box 2: Integrated Urban Development Project

Box 3: Rural Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program

Box 4: Community Ownership Strengthens Intergroup Relations

Box 5: Acceptance by Local Communities

Box 6: Information Access Empowers Women

Box 7: Security Facilitates Development Initiatives

Box 8: How to Use the Peacebuilding Tool

Appendix: Peacebuilding Tool for Project Design, Implementation, and Monitoring

Peacebuilding Tool: Matrix of Project Risks Resulting from Social Conflict and Peacebuilding Opportunities

Abbreviations

3RSDP	Rural Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Sector and Development Program
ADB	Asian Development Bank
ADB NRM	Asian Development Bank Nepal Resident Mission
BOGs	Basic Operating Guidelines
CIDA	Canadian International Development Agency
CPA	Comprehensive Peace Agreement
CPS	country partnership strategy
DFID	Department for International Development of the United Kingdom
EPSP	Emergency Peace Support Program
FCAS	fragile and conflict-affected situation
IA	International Alert
IDP	internally displaced person
IUDP	Integrated Urban Development Project
JICA	Japan International Cooperation Agency
KVWSWWIP	Kathmandu Valley Water Supply and Waste Water Improvement Project
LGCDP	Local Government and Community Development Program
LPC	Local Peace Committee
MOPR	Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction
NAP	National Action Plan
NASC	Nepal Administrative Staff College
NGO	nongovernment organization
NPTF	Nepal Peace Trust Fund
OECD	Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
PBT	peacebuilding tool
PPTA	project preparatory technical assistance
RMO	Risk Management Office
SDC	Swiss Development Cooperation
UNDP	United Nations Development Programme
UNSCR	United Nations Security Council Resolution
VDC	Village Development Committee

Background

Nepal is no longer considered a fragile state. Instead, it is a transitioning country focusing on socioeconomic and political restructuring. The country has made significant progress in preparing an interim constitution, holding constituent assembly elections, moving toward integration and rehabilitation of excombatants, achieving removal of landmines, forming a technical committee on state restructuring, and handing over of the seized property to the owners. The 10 years of armed conflict the country has endured have left a number of issues that must be addressed for peace to be sustainable. These include ethnic and regional demands, lapses in governance and security, a need for construction and maintenance of infrastructure, a prolonged leadership vacuum in local institutions, and parliamentary elections for a stable government.

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