EARLY MODERN EUROPE
AN OXFORD HISTORY
EDITED BY EUAN CAMERON
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
-iii-
Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP
Oxford New York Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogot Buenos Aires Calcutta Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence HongKong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madras Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Paris So Paulo Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan
Oxford is a trade mark of Oxford University Press.
Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York
Oxford University Press 1999
The moral rights of the author have been asserted
First published 1999
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press. Within the UK, exceptions are allowed in respect of any fair dealing for the purpose of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1998, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms and in other countries should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above
This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out or otherwise circulated with out the publisher's prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Data available
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Early Modern Europe Edited by Euan Cameronp. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-19-820528-7
1. Europe--History--1492--1648. 2. Europe--History--17th century. 3. Europe--History--18th century. I. Cameron, Euan.
D228.E187 1999
940.2--dc21 98-26115 CIP
1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2
Typeset by Hope Services (Abingdon) Ltd.
Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by Bookcraft Ltd., Midsomer Norton Nr. Bath, Somerset
-iv-
CONTENTS
|
|
Editor's Acknowledgements |
|
|
Prologue: Europe and the World Around ANTHONY PAGDEN |
Europe: The Myths of Europe---A Continent and its Peoples--The Cultural Inheritance--Frontiers and Boundaries--Technologies and their Impact--The Sense of being European--The Quest for Peace and Union |
|
|
I. The Sixteenth Century, c. 1500--c, 1618 |
1. The Conditions of Life for the Masses ALISON ROWLANDS |
Who were the Masses?--The Peasant Household--The Peasant Life Cycle--Ways of Coping--Wider Links: Village, Lordship, Market- The Processes of Change--The Effects of Change--The Urban Experience of the Lower Orders--Conclusion |
|
| 2. The Power of the Word: Renaissance and Reformation EUAN CAMERON |
The Renaissance and the Word--The Word Written and Printed- The Ancient Word and the Ancient Tongue--The Word of Exhorta tion--Describing the World and the Universe--The Word of Faith: The Old Faith--The Reformation Challenge--Reformed Churches and Reformed People--The Old Church Responds--Conclusion |
|
| 3. War, Religion, and the State STEVEN GUNN |
States and Borders--The Habsburgs and their Rivals--War and the State--Courts and Government--Society, Justice, and Sovereignty- The Impact of Religious Change--The Impact of Religious Division-- |
|
|
|
-v-
The Weak Monarchies of the East and the Coming of the Thirty Years War |
|
|
II. The Seventeenth Century, c. 1618-c. 1715 |
4. Colonies, Enterprises, and Wealth: the Economies of Europe and the Wider World R. A. HOUSTON |
Introduction: Europe and the Wider World in 1600--People--Land- Cities--Manufactures--States, Colonies, and Commerce--Europe and the Wider World--Conclusion: A New World Economy? |
|
| 5. Embattled Faiths: Religion and Natural Philosophy ROBIN BRIGGS |
The Legacy of Renaissance and Reformation--Religion: Rigour and Reform--Religious Motives in Politics and War--Dogma, Faith, and Society--The Decline of the Devil--Reason and the 'Crisis of Con science'--The Reception and Resumption of the New Science--Matter and Void: Descartes's System and its Opponents--New Instruments and New Sciences--The Quest for Practical Applications--Conclusion |
|
| 6. Warfare, Crisis, and Absolutism JEREMY BLACK |
The Expansion of Europe--Warfare as an Agent of Change--The 'Thirty Years War' in Europe, 1618-48--Conflict between France and Spain--The British Civil Wars--'Absolutism'--Louis XIV--Louis XIV's Foreign Policy--Vienna Saved--The Rise of Russia--Conclu sions |
|
|
|
III. The Eighteenth Century, c. 1715-c. 1789 |
7. A Widening Market in Consumer Goods JAMES C. RILEY |
Population--Work and Income: One Conundrum--Agriculture- Manufacturing and Industry--Trade and Transport--The State Sec tor-Consumption-Wages and Prices: Another Conundrum- Conclusion |
|
|
|
-vi-
8. The Enlightenment NORMAN HAMPSON |
The Scale of Change--Man in his Universe--Economy and Society- Politics--Diversity across Countries and Regions--The French Revo lution and the Enlightenment--Conclusion |
|
|