I owe the greatest debt of gratitude to Sean Visintainer, librarian, of the St. Louis Mercantile Library at the University of MissouriSt. Louis. He responded to numerous e-mails, guided me to books and articles, and gave me access to collections of source material on riverboats and the people who worked on them. My quest for information also took me to the St. Louis branch of the Missouri State Archives with its extensive collection of court records. Pat Barge and Michael Everman drew my attention beyond the records to books and articles that helped in my research. I found many books of interest in Kent Library at Southeast Missouri State University in Cape Girardeau. Librarians there helped me to obtain titles through interlibrary loan. I am also thankful for my connection to the Cape River Heritage Museum in Cape Girardeau, which houses a large number of photographs, books, and artifacts relating to steamboating on the Mississippi.
Several people were kind enough to sit down with me and share their memories of life on the Mississippi. Larry Drum of Cape Girardeau spoke vividly about the work of a towboat captain. Rose Marie Thrower of Cape Girardeau talked about her work as a cook on towboats. Carl Okenfuss, Don Bader, and Don Karl of Ste. Genevieve shared thoughts about their work for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
Many thanks are due to Clair Willcox, Editor-in-chief; Sara Davis, Managing Editor; and the staff of the University of Missouri Press for bringing their expertise and support to this project and many other projects that have explored, illuminated, and celebrated the culture and landscape of the Mississippi River valley. It has been a privilege to work with them.
I have been lucky enough to spend the past twenty years living on the west bank of the Mississippi River. During my career I have had the opportunity to visit many libraries and historic sites in the Mississippi valley. Through this long association, I have learned to appreciate the river and its history. I have also had the good fortune to share my life with my husband, Jerry, my children and grandchildren.
Appendix One
GLOSSARY OF NAMES
Albert, Irvinboat store owner and agent for the Eagle Packet Company
Albert, Leeofficial river observer for the U.S. Weather Bureau
Armstrong, Louisworld-renowned musician who got his start on the Streckfus Line of riverboats
Arstie, Williampublisher of Waterways Journal in the early twentieth century
Bader, Doncaptain of a dredge boat for the Corps of Engineers
Bionda, Kateriverfront snack shop owners wife who was the first to die in the Memphis yellow fever epidemic
Bixby, Horacepilot who trained Mark Twain
Botsh, Charleymate who worked for the Eagle Packet Company
Brown, Charlesdeckhand and outlaw
Brown, William Wellsworked as a slave in stewards department on several riverboats and later escaped slavery and became a well-known writer and abolitionist
Brown, Williampilot of the steamboat Pennsylvania
Carter, John Henton (Commodore Rollingpin)steamboat cook and baker who left the river for the writing life
Cavelier, Louisblacksmith on the steamboat Mandan
Chapman, Williamowner of Chapmans Floating Theater
Clark, Georgepilot who wore out three towboats pulling barges piled with logs near Cairo
Clay, Charliecooked for President Taft on his inspection tour of the river
Clemens, HenryMark Twains brother who died when the Pennsylvanias boilers exploded
Clemens, Samuel (Mark Twain)riverboat pilot who became famous as an author
Cohern, Gibriverboat gambler
Conley, Williamsteamboat captain who helped a slave named Arminta to escape
Cook, Anniemadam who died nursing victims of yellow fever in Memphis
Cooper, Walterroustabout who sued the Eagle Packet Company after he was injured
Corliss, Johnone of those who died in the Sultana disaster
Crawford, Violetformer slave who took refuge on a flatboat near Cairo, where she met and married George Washington
Dedman, Priest (aka Crying John)roustabout who fell overboard and drowned after a protest over wages on the Eagle Packet Companys steamer Cape Girardeau
Devol, Georgeriverboat gambler
Dodds, Johnnyjazz musician who got his start on riverboats
Dodds, Warren Babyjazz musician who got his start on riverboats
Drum, LarryCape Girardeau man who rose from deckhand to pilot to captain
Dutrey, Samjazz musician who got his start on riverboats
Eads, James B.inventor of a diving bell, builder of armored vessels for the Union, and designer of a famous St. Louis railroad bridge
Elliott, Henrymaster and commander of the steamboat Hecla
Emerson (Gaches), Ralph Waldoknown as the Showboat King
Emerson, Primusbuilder of armored vessels for the Confederacy
Fink, Mikelegendary flatboatman
Foote, Andrew H.commander of Union naval forces during the Civil War
Forman, Georgedeckhand who wrote about brutal mates
Foster, George Popsjazz musician who got his start on riverboats
French, Augustus Byronshowboat entrepreneur
Giboney, Alexanderowner of a steam-powered ferryboat at Cape Girardeau
Hall, Hubbard B.crew member who sued the Eagle Packet Company when the watchman shot him
Handy, W. C.composer of the St. Louis Blues and the Beale Street Blues
Hardy, Georgethird engineer who died when the boiler collapsed on the Dr. Franklin 2
Henderson, Madisondeckhand and outlaw
Hill, Mrs. Frankcook on the towboat Fred Nellis when its boiler exploded and killed her
Howard, Joejazz musician who got his start on riverboats
Jackson, Johnformer slave who fueled the boilers on a Union gunboat
Jaynes, A. C.operated a ferry service at Cape Girardeau with his sons Finis and Roy
Jeffers, Poseyriverboat gambler
Jolly, Sobieski Beckriver pilot who served on several Union boats during the Civil War
Jones, Davidjazz musician who got his start on riverboats
Karl, Donfirst mate on dredge boats
Kimball, Donriverboat gambler
Lee, Jamesriverboat captain and founder of the Lee Line of vessels
Lee, Samuel Stackerson of James Lee and a legendary character on the river
Lee, Tomlevee worker who rescued passengers from the Norman
Legewood, Verdelltowboat mate from Iuka, Mississippi
Leyhe, Fredson of Buck Leyhe and officer in the Eagle Packet Company
Leyhe, Henryriverboat captain, co-owner of the Eagle Packet Company, and brother of Buck Leyhe
Leyhe, William Buckriverboat captain and co-owner of the Eagle Packet Company
Leyhe, William Jr.son of Buck Leyhe and officer in the Eagle Packet Company
Linn, Lewisphysician who treated cholera patients dumped on the landing at Ste. Genevieve
Lorimier, Louisfirst ferryboatman at Cape Girardeau
Mackey, Tomriverboat gambler
Marable, Fateone of the best-known and possibly the best of the orchestra leaders on the river
Marsh, Grantfamous Missouri River steamboatman
McIntosh, Francisriverboat steward lynched in St. Louis
McMurty, Robertchief engineer on the Dr. Franklin 2 when the boiler collapsed at Ste. Genevieve
Meade, Lorenaprostitute who selflessly cared for yellow fever victims in Memphis
Menke, J. W. Billycaptain of the Goldenrod showboat
Meyer, Raymond PegCape Girardeau musician who played with bands on riverboats
Moro, PeterSte. Genevieve man who supplemented his income by pulling corpses from the river
Nolan, Kathleentelevision actress who got her start on showboats
Okenfuss, Carlcaptain of dredge boats for the Corps of Engineers
Owens, Louistowboat captain
Pierce, William Leighflatboatman who wrote about the New Madrid earthquakes