First published in 2012 by Huia Publishers
39 Pipitea Street, PO Box 17335
Wellington, Aotearoa New Zealand
www.huia.co.nz
ISBN 978-1-77550-013-1 (print)
ISBN 978-1-77550-060-5 (epub)
ISBN 978-1-77550-061-2 (mobi)
Copyright Ian Johnstone and Michael Powles 2012
CD audio Radio New Zealand 2011
All photographs in the Julia Brooke-White Collection Julia Brooke-White
Front cover image Julia Brooke-White
Back cover and chapter opening pages courtesy of the Pacific Cooperation Foundation
Flags on chapter opening pages:The World Factbook, 2009, Washington DC: CIA.
Ebook production 2012 by meBooks.
This book is copyright. Apart from fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without the prior permission of the publisher.
National Library of New Zealand Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
New flags flying: Pacific leadership / edited by Ian Johnstone and Michael Powles.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-77550-013-1
1. Self-determination, NationalOceania. 2. DecolonizationOceania.
3. StatesmenOceaniaInterviews. 4. OceaniaPolitics and government20th century. 5. OceaniaHistory20th century.
I. Johnstone, Ian, 1935- II. Powles, Michael.
320.150995dc 23
FOREWORD
BY SIR ANAND SATYANAND
The vast Pacific Islands region covers nearly 30 million square kilometres of sea. It is home to some 13 million people in New Zealand and the other island countries, apart from Australia and Hawaii. The total, albeit sparsely flung, land mass is some 550,000 square kilometres, more than two-thirds being Papua New Guinea. The people living in the Pacific speak more than 800 languages, again most of these based in Papua New Guinea. The area is subject to many natural disasters, such as recurring cyclones, floods, earthquakes and droughts. The man-made difficulties include, without dwelling in detail, differing governance and institutional arrangements, irregular legislation, and the proximity of corruption yet abiding and substantial coping mechanisms keep things in operation despite these huge challenges.
New Flags Flying Pacific Leadership brings together in one collection the hopes and voices of many of the regions first leaders following the achievement of self-government or independence during the past fifty years. The editors, each of whom has had some kind of professional or personal association with the Pacific, capture the viewpoints of many of those leaders like Sir Tom Davis of the Cook Islands, Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara of Fiji, Sir Peter Kenilorea of Solomon Islands, King Taufaahau Tupou IV of Tonga and Father Walter Lini of Vanuatu, to name just a few.
The hopes and aspirations expressed by these office holders for their people are special.
Many issues, including their own upbringing, are canvassed. These include their description of the attitudes and treatment of the colonial powers, the moves to self-government and independence, and their hopes and fears for an independent future. As new Pacific leaders face new challenges, the hopes and aspirations of their forebears can sometimes provide valuable guidance.
The aspect of continuance of connection is borne out by observing that many of the Pacifics leaders of the present and very recent past, such as Dr Feleti Sevele, former Prime Minister of Tonga, and Tuilaepa Lupesoliai Sailele Malielegaoi, Prime Minister of Samoa, undertook parts of their education in New Zealand.
In my view, as very much a Pacific person myself, the work will make a significant and lasting contribution to knowledge of the issues which faced the region in the past and which in a number of ways endure to the present.
The book will be a valuable resource for students and academics interested in the Pacific and development studies, and will provide a challenge for politicians and policymakers throughout the region to play their best game.
I congratulate the editors and commend their initiative.
Anand Satyanand
February 2012, Wellington
Rt. Hon. Sir Anand Satyanand was born in Auckland New Zealand to parents from Fiji whose own parents had come from India. He also has family links with Samoa. A lawyer, judge and ombudsman in his time before serving as New Zealands Governor-General for five years, he maintains a number of associations with other Pacific countries.
PREFACE
In 1992, after the deaths of Hammer DeRoburt, Albert Henry and Sir Robert Rex, the Director of the South Pacific Division of New Zealands Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Gordon Shroff, wrote to Deputy-Secretary Graham Fortune we may be losing the opportunity to record for posterity leaders views of their countries progress to independence .
A grant was promptly approved to assist Radio New Zealand International to gather interviews with Pacific leaders.
Radio New Zealand International Manager Linden Clark commissioned broadcaster Ian Johnstone to gather as many interviews as could be arranged with the help of New Zealands High Commissions in the Pacific.
Over the next three years, conversations were recorded with leaders from Samoa, Cook Islands, Tonga, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. The recordings were broadcast and then lodged in the Radio New Zealand International Archive. With increasing frequency, extracts were re-used in obituary tributes.
In 2009, after Pacific students had told him how difficult it was to find information about the recent history of their countries, Johnstone began to look for ways to make the leadership interviews more widely and easily available. He made no progress until good friend Michael Powles, former senior diplomat and founding chair of the Pacific Co-operation Foundation, volunteered his help as co-editor.
Over the next two years, with support from the agencies and people listed below, the co-editors interviewed leaders from those self-governing and independent nations that had not been covered earlier (Nauru, Niue, Tuvalu, Kiribati, Federated States of Micronesia, Marshall Islands and Palau). Excellent material was also gathered from three distinguished women leaders (Fiame Naomi Mataafa, Dame Carol Kidu and Sandra Sumang Pierantozzi).
The contributions from all these leaders, with introductions and explanations by the co-editors, were assembled into a seventeen-part web-site (www.rnzi.com/newflagsflying). Graciously launched in August 2011 by the then Governor-General of New Zealand, Sir Anand Satyanand, it has been warmly received. However, difficult and unreliable Internet access in many Pacific areas means that the stories, experiences and insights carried within New Flags Flying Pacific Leadership are still not fully available to the students, teachers and others who would most value and benefit from them.
It is the great hope of the co-editors that copies of this book and disc produced by Huia Publishers of Wellington will find their way into Pacific and other classrooms, libraries and homes and will inform, inspire and delight all those young people seeking to build on the foundations laid by the leaders who, not very long ago, set new flags flying across our Pacific ocean.
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