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Vitali Silitski - The A to Z of Belarus

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Vitali Silitski The A to Z of Belarus
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The political map of Eastern Europe changed dramatically in December 1991 when the leaders of Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine huddled together in a Bielavieza Forest retreat and decided to dissolve the 15 union republics, which composed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). One of those republics was the Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR). A United Nations member since 1945, Belarus has a rich cultural heritage that is seen as a promising base for the development of a solid national identity and for real independence. It is this cultural heritage and sense of history that nourish the ongoing efforts of the nationalist minority, as well as the larger democratic opposition, to resist the regime of President Alaksandr Luka?enka who is bent on restoring ties to Russia. Thus Belarus, with its burdens of the past and potential for the future, finds itself in a struggle that will affect not only its own destiny, but also the international structure of Eastern...

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Table of Contents Acknowledgments I would like to express my gratitude - photo 1
Table of Contents

Acknowledgments

I would like to express my gratitude to the following people who, each in his or her way, contributed to this work with their knowledge of the subject matter and editorial skills: Joe Arciuch, Thomas E. Bird, Nicholas Dutko, Lavon Jurevi, Vitat Kipel, Zora Kipel, Tamara Kolba, Jahien Lecka, Adam Maldzis, Lara Merlin, Siarhiej Navumyk, Halina Rusak, Alex Silwanowicz, Walter Stankevich, Serge Tryhubovich, Ale Vasileski, and Vera Zaprudnik. Special thanks go to my wife, Nadzia, whose unfailing support lightened my task in a multitude of ways.

Jan Zaprudnik

First and foremost I am grateful to Jan Zaprudnik for the honor of being - photo 2

First and foremost, I am grateful to Jan Zaprudnik for the honor of being offered to continue his work. I would like to express my gratitude to Valer Buhaka, Andrej Dyko, Vitaut Kipel, Ale, viatana, Anton ahvinie, Mikaaj Pakaje, Hienad Sahanovi, and Volha Stuynskaja, for help in preparing the second edition of this dictionary. My work was completed at the Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law at Stanford University, where I was a visiting scholar in 2006. I acknowledge support and help from the Center with deep gratitude. Last but not least, I would like to acknowledge Uadzimir Katkoski, a young Belarusian journalist and scholar who I never met in person but whose relentless efforts to present Belarusian language, culture, and history online resulted in the creation of numerous Internet resources that I used extensively in my work. Uadzimir died, at the age of 31, on 26 May 2007, one day before the second edition was to be sent to publisher. We dedicate this book to Uadzimir in recognition of the immense contribution to the Belarusian cause that he made in his unjustly and agonizingly short life.

Vitali Silitski

Appendix

Rulers of Belarus, 8601997

Known Princes of Poacak

960s?-980Rahvaod
9881101Iziasla Uadzimiravi
10031044Braysa Iziaslavi,
10441101Usiasa Brayslavi (aradziej: the Bewitcher)
1101?1129?Davyd Usiasavi
11291132Iziasa Mcisaivi

Known Princes of Tura

9881015viatapok Udziminaravi
10781086Jarapok Iziasavi
11251145Viaasa Uladzimiravi
11581162Juryj Jarasavi
1160s1190?Sviatapolk Juryjevi

Grand Dukes of Lithuania, Ru, and Samogitia

Mid-1230s1263Mindoh
12631264Traniata
12641267Vojak
1267c. 1270varn
12701282Trajdzie
??Budzivid
??Budzikid
12951316Vicien
1316-1341Hiedymin
13411345Janut
13451377Alhierd
13771381Jahajla [he was also King of Poland, Wladyslaw II,.1386-1434]
1381-1382Kiejstut
1382-1392Jahajla
13921430Vitat
14301432Svidryhajla
14321440yhimont Kiejstutavic
14401492Kazimir [he was also King of Poland, Kazimierz IV, 14471492]
14921506Alaksandr [he was also King of Poland, Aleksander, 15011506]
15061548yhimont Stary /Old/ [he was also King of Poland, Zygmunt I Stary, 15061548]
15481572yhimont Ahust [he was also King of Poland, Zygmunt II Augustus, 15481572]
1573-1574Henryk Valezy [also King of Poland, Henri de Valois]
15761586Stefan Batory [also King of Poland]
15871632Zyhimont Vaza [also King of Poland, Zygmunt III Waza]
16321648Uadysa [also King of Poland, Wadysaw IV Waza]
16481668Jan Kazimir [also King of Poland, Jan II Kazirriierz Waza]
16691673Michai Viniaviecki [also King of Poland, Michail Korybut Wisniowiecki]
16741696Jan Sabieski [also King of Poland, Jan III Sobieski]
16971706Ahust Mocny [also King of Poland, Augustus II the Strong of Saxony]
17041709Stanisa Laynski [also King of Poland, Stanisaw Leszczyski]
17331763Ahust III [also King of Poland, Augustus III of Saxony]
17641795Stanisa Ahust Paniatoski [also King of Poland, Stanislaw Augustus Poniatowski]

Russian Emporers

17721796Catherine II
17961801Paul
18011825Alexander I
18251855Nicolas I
18551881Alexander II
18811894Alexander III
18941917Nicolas II

Russian Heads of Government

1917Prince Georgi Lvov
1917Alexander Kerensky
19171924Vladimir Lenin

Belarusian Democratic Republic, Heads of State

19181919Ivan Sierada
19191920Piotra Kreeski

Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic, First Secretaries

1919A. F. Mianiko
19191920V S. Mickievius-Kapsukas
19211922V H. Knoryn
19221924V.A. Bahucki
1924A. M. Asatkin-Uadzimirski
19241927A. I. Krynicki
19271928V. H. Knoryn
19281929Ja. B. Hamarnik
19301932K. V Hiej
19321937M.F. Hikala
1937V. F. aranhovi
19371938A. A. Voka
19381947P. K. Panamarenka
19471950M. I. Husara
19501956M. S. Patolia
19561965K. T. Mazura
19651980P.M. Maera
19801983C. Ja. Kisialo
19831986M. M. luko
19861990Ja. Ja. Sakao
19901991A. A. Maafieje

I West Belarus Heads of State

19211922Jzef Pisudski

West Belarus Presidents

1922Gabriel Narutowicz
1922-1926Stanisaw Wojciechowski
19261939Ignacy Moscicki

Republic of Belarus, Speakers of Parliament

19911994Stanisa ukievi
19941995Mieysa Hryb
19951996Siamion arecki

Republic of Belarus, Prime Minister

19901994Viaasa Kiebi

Republic of Belarus, President

1994Alaksandr ukaenka

Republic of Belarus, Prime Ministers

19941996Michai yhir
19962000Siarhiej Linh
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