Frans Schuurman - Urban Social Movements in the Third World
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This reissue, initially published in 1989, considers the upsurge of locally-based movements attempting to improve living conditions in Third-World cities throughout the 1980s. The book presents qualitative, comparative research on the dynamics and constraints of these urban social movements, in a cross-cultural framework, using case studies from a variety of Latin American, African and Asian countries.
As more democratic-type regimes establish themselves in the Third World, the possibilities for collective organisations and actions increase. Urban social movements therefore are playing an increasingly important role in the habitat of the poor.
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ROUTLEDGE LIBRARY EDITIONS:
DEVELOPMENT
URBAN SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN THE
THIRD WORLD
THIRD WORLD
Edited by
FRANS SCHUURMAN
and
TON VAN NAERSSEN
Volume 95
First published in 1989
This edition first published in 2011
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
1989 Frans J. Schuurman and Ton van Naerssen
Printed and bound in Great Britain
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 13: 978-0-415-58414-2 (Set)
eISBN 13: 978-0-203-84035-1 (Set)
ISBN 13: 978-0-415-60194-8 (Volume 95)
eISBN 13: 978-0-203-83549-4 (Volume 95)
Publisher's Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent.
Disclaimer
The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and welcomes correspondence from those they have been unable to contact.
Movements
In The Third
World
EDITED BY FRANS SCHUURMAN
AND TON VAN NAERSSEN
ROUTLEDGE
London and New
First published 1989
by Routledge
11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE
29 West 35th Street, New York NY 10001
1989 Frans J. Schuurman and Ton van Naerssen
Laser set by Wolter Jansen, P & O, KU-Nijmegen
Printed in Great Britain by
Billing & Sons Ltd, Worcester
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Urban social movements in the Third World.
1. Developing countries. Urban regions.
Slums & squatter settlements
I. Schuurman, Frans J. II. Naerssen,
Ton van
307'.3364'091724
ISBN 0-415-00919-7
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Urban social movements in the Third World / edited by Frans J. Schuurman and Ton van Naerssen.
p. cm.
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
ISBN 0-415-00919-7
1. Cities and townsDeveloping countries. 2. Social movements Developing countries. 3. Sociology. UrbanDeveloping countries. 4. Developing countriesSocial conditions. I. Schuurman, Frans J., 1948- . II. Naerssen, Ton van.
HT149.5.U7335 1988
307.7'6'091724dcl9 | 88-11517 |
Introduction
(Frans J. Schuurman and Ton van Naerssen)
Chapter 1
Urban social movements: between regressive Utopia and socialist panacea
(Frans J. Schuurman)
Chapter 2
Collective organization and action in squatter settlements in Arequipa, Peru
(Ton van Garderen)
Chapter 3
Neighborhood associations in Buenos Aires: contradictions within contradictions
(Juan Silva and Frans J. Schuurman)
Chapter 4
Clientelism, competition and poverty: the ineffectiveness of local organizations in a Madras slum
(Joop de Wit)
Chapter 5
The limits of territorial social movements: the case of housing in Karachi
(Jan van der Linden)
Chapter 6
Crossroads: the rise and fall of a squatter movement in Cape Town, South Africa
(Arnold H.Isaacs)
Chapter 7
Between Utopia and strategy: a case study of a Brazilian urban social movement
(Geert A. Banck and Ana Maria Doimo)
Chapter 8
Power and independence: the struggle for identity and integrity in urban social movements
(Menno Vellinga)
Chapter 9
The Chilean squatter movement and the state
(Roel Klaarhamer)
Chapter 10
Continuity and change in the urban poor movement of Manila, the Philippines
(Ton van Naerssen)
Geert A. Banck: Professor of Anthropology at the University of Utrecht and the Interuniversity Center for Latin American Research (CEDLA) in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Ana Maria Doimo: Senior Lecturer of Anthropology at the Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil.
Ton van Garderen: MA Geography of Development. Currently attached to the World Information Service on Energy in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Arnold H. Isaacs: MA Non-western Sociology. Currently attached to the Deutsche Entwicklungs Dienst (DED) in West Berlin, FRG.
Roel Klaarhamer: MA Geography of Development. Currently attached to the Chile Committee in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Jan van der Linden: Senior Lecturer in the Department of Anthropology and Sociology of Development at the Free University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Antoine L. van Naerssen: Senior Lecturer in the Department of Geo-graphy of Development and at the Third World Center, Catholic University of Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Frans J. Schuurman: Senior Lecturer in the Department of Geography of Development and at the Third World Center, Catholic University of Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Juan Silva: MA Sociology. Currently attached to the Centro de Estudios de Estado y Sociedad (CEDES) in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Menno Vellinga: Senior Lecturer in the Department of Anthropology at the State University of Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Joop de Wit. Research Fellow on Urban Anthropology at the Free University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Frans J. Schuurman and Ton van Naerssen
After having witnessed 1987 as the International Habitat Year there are a number of observations relevant to this reader. In the first place it must be considered as positive that explicit attention was paid to the problems of deficient housing and infrastructure with respect to the urban poor in the Third World. The adjective explicit bears reference to a previous period in which the solution to the urban problematic was basically supposed to exist in slowing down the process of ruralurban migration. Many agricultural extension projects, sponsored by international development institutions and NGOs in the industrialized countries, were implicitly supposed quite apart from the main aim to further rural development to slow down the rural to urban migration in order to avoid further accumulation of problems in the major urban centers. This notion to solve the urban problems by developing the countryside became known as the how to keep them on the farm policy. Without judging the value of these projects for the rural population, it is, to say the least, astonishing that the abundant literature indicating that the urbanization process in many underdeveloped countries had already for years reached a point of no return, took such a long time to penetrate the development bureaucracy. The International Habitat Year is at last an official recognition of the fact that the problem of inadequate housing of the urban poor in the Third World has to be dealt with primarily within the urban context itself.
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