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Jun Jing - The Temple of Memories: History, Power, and Morality in a Chinese Village

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This study focuses on the politics of memory in the village of Dachuan in northwest China, in which 85 percent of the villagers are surnamed Kong and believe themselves to be descendants of Confucius. It recounts both how this proud community was subjected to intense suffering during the Maoist era, culminating in its forcible resettlement in December 1960 to make way for the construction of a major hydroelectric dam, and how the village eventually sought recovery through the commemoration of that suffering and the revival of a redefined religion.Before 1949, the Kongs had dominated their area because of their political influence, wealth, and, above all, their identification with Confucius, whose precepts underlay so much of the Chinese ethical and political tradition. After the Communists came to power in 1949, these people, as a literal embodiment of the Confucian heritage, became prime targets for Maoist political campaigns attacking the traditional order, from land reform to the Criticize Confucius movement. Many villagers were arrested, three were beheaded, and others died in labor camps. When the villagers were forced to hastily abandon their homes and the village temple, they had time to disinter only the bones of their closest family members; the tombs of earlier generations were destroyed by construction workers for the dam.

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title The Temple of Memories History Power and Morality in a Chinese - photo 1

title:The Temple of Memories : History, Power, and Morality in a Chinese Village
author:Jing, Jun.
publisher:Stanford University Press
isbn10 | asin:0804727570
print isbn13:9780804727570
ebook isbn13:9780585060477
language:English
subjectGansu Sheng (China)--Social conditions, Kng family, Memory--Social aspects--China--Gansu Sheng.
publication date:1996
lcc:HN740.K365J56 1996eb
ddc:306/.095145
subject:Gansu Sheng (China)--Social conditions, Kng family, Memory--Social aspects--China--Gansu Sheng.
The Temple of Memories
History, Power, And Morality In A Chinese Village
JUN JING
Stanford University Press Stanford, California
Stanford University Press
Stanford, California
1996 by the Board of Trustees of the
Leland Stanford Junior University
Printed in the United States of America
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Jing, Jun, 1957
The temple of memories : history, power, and morality in a Chinese
village / Jun Jing.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
isbn 0-8047-2756-2 (alk. paper)
1. Kansu Province (China)-Social conditions. 2. K'ung family.
3. Memory-Social aspects-China-Kansu Province. I. Title.
hn740.Kk365j56 1996
306 '.095145-dc20Picture 2Picture 3Picture 4Picture 596-15406
Picture 6Picture 7Picture 8Picture 9Picture 10Picture 11CIP
Picture 12 This book is printed on acid-free paper
Original printing 1996
Last figure below indicates year of this printing
05 04 03 02 01 00 99 98 97
For my parents and Jeanne
Page vii
Acknowledgments
My debt to lames L. Watson is immeasurable. As my graduate advisor at Harvard University, Professor Watson first encouraged me to work in northwest China to investigate the problem of social memory. Professor Watson is a wonderful mentor and I owe him the deepest gratitude. I am also deeply grateful to Arthur Kleinman and K. C. Chang at Harvard. Professor Kleinman has been a constant intellectual stimulus. Professor Chang's unflinching sense of humor and optimism have raised my spirits on more than one occasion.
My intellectual journey at Harvard could not have been so enjoyable and rewarding an experience without the encouragement of other teachers, especially Thomas Barfield, Kenneth George, Michael Herzfeld, Roderick MacFarquhar, David Maybury-Lewis, Sally Moore, Pauline Peters, Parker Shipton, Stanley Tambiah, Ruble Watson, Nut Yalman, and Robin Yates. As conscientious educators and accomplished scholars, they offered a sympathetic ear and a guiding hand. They occupy a special place in my heart.
Many people offered invaluable suggestions after reading portions of the manuscript or listening to ideas in gestation. There is no way I can render unto them as much as I have received. A few who deserve particular mention are Helen Siu at Yale Uni-
Page viii
versity, Robert Weller at Boston University, and Yan Yunxiang at the University of California, Los Angeles. And when the business of writing became too demanding, several friends extended logistical and emotional support. They include Sangmee Bak, Marls Gillette, Lida Junghans, Matthew Kohrman, Lu Qiwen, and Wang Daw-hwang.
Numerous funding and academic institutions provided "the iron rice bowl" that made this study possible. The Institute of Sociology at Beijing University gave me my first opportunity to work in northwest China during the summer of 1989. A Mellon Fellowship for Summer Research enabled me to travel from the United States to China's Gansu province in 1991. A semester of predissertation research in 1991 was supported by a Peabody Merit Scholarship. A 1992 Foreign Languages and Area Studies Fellowship supported my library research on Gansu and training in the local dialect. The National Science Foundation and the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research financed my fieldwork in 1992. The Beijing Social and Economic Survey Center served as the institutional sponsor for my fieldwork. My archival research in Taiwan in 1993 was aided by another Mellon Fellowship. The dissertation write-up was funded by a Charlotte W. Newcombe Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship of the Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation. I am grateful to all these organizations for their support.
At a critical point of revision, Myron Cohen at Columbia University carefully read the manuscript. His many insightful suggestions for improvement are immensely appreciated. I also owe a great debt of gratitude to Muriel Bell, my editor at Stanford University Press. Her enthusiastic support and editorial guidance carried me through the final stage of writing.
I convey special thanks to my parents, Jing Ruiyin and Li Yunpu, for having faith in my work. My deepest appreciation goes to my wife, Jeanne Moore, who has extended the boundaries of my compassion.
Page ix
Contents
1. Introduction: A Study of Social Memory
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