K. Renato Lings - Love Lost in Translation: Homosexuality and the Bible

LOVE LOST

IN TRANSLATION

Homosexuality and the Bible

K. Renato Lings

Order this book online at www.trafford.com

or email orders@trafford.com

Most Trafford titles are also available at major online book retailers.

Copyright 2013 K. Renato Lings.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the written prior permission of the author.

ISBN: 978-1-4669-8790-6 (sc)

ISBN: 978-1-4669-8789-0 (hc)

ISBN: 978-1-4669-8791-3 (e)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2013906335

Cover image: Scriptorium Monk at Work (from Lacroix)

Trafford rev. 06/04/2013

www.trafford.com

North America & international

toll-free: 1 888 232 4444 (USA & Canada)

phone: 250 383 6864 fax: 812 355 4082

Translating Malakoi Today

Translating Arsenokoitai Today

Translating Para Physin

1 Divine Plurals and Singulars in Gen. 1

2 Human Plurals and Singulars in Gen. 1

3 English Versions of the Bible

4 Translating ADAM and HA-ADAM

5 Translating Hebrew TSELA

6 B as Sexual Agent

7 SHAKHAV in Sexual Contexts

8 Sex in Genesis

9 Translating B & EL

10 Literalness of Twelve Versions

11 Consistency and Inconsistency

12 Renderings of SHAKHAV & Preposition

13 Translating Sexual Debasement in Gen. 34.2

14 Verbs Denoting Sex in Genesis

15 A Text in Genesis with YADA

16 Forms of YADA in Genesis 1819

17 Two Significant Cohortatives

18 Translating YADA in Gen. 38.26

19 Translating YADA in Gen. 39.6 & 39.8

20 Translations of YADA in Genesis 3839

21 Sex, Knowing and Intimacy in Genesis 38 & 39

22 Translating Noahs Drunkenness

23 Translating Hams Reactions

24 Behaviour of Ham and His Brothers

25 QADOSH According to the Versions

26 Translating QADESH and QEDESHM

27 Translating QEDESHM

28 Comparing QEDESHAH and QADESH

29 Translating QEDESHAH / QEDESHTH

30 ZONAH and QEDESHAH in Hosea 4.14

31 Translating MECHR KELEV

32 Translating Lev. 18.22

33 Translating TOEVAH H

34 Hypotheses about Lev. 18.22

35 Destruction and Desolation

36 Pride and Arrogance

37 Apostasy and Idolatry

38 Corruption and Oppression

39 Sodom in the Hebrew Bible

40 Sodom in the Apocrypha

41 Sodom in the Second Testament

42 Translating Reference to Sodom in Jude

43 Translating SHAKHAV in Gen. 19.4

44 Translating B & EL in Gen. 19.5

45 Translating From Boy to Old Man

46 Translating From Small to Great

47 Translating B & AL in Gen. 19.31

48 Translating SHAKHAV, B and YADA

49 YADA in the Hebrew Text of Sodom

50 YADA in the Verbal Paradigm

51 Know in Sodom According to the LXX

52 Know in Sodom According to the Vulgate

53 Know According to the MT and Two Classical Versions

54 Know in Sodom According to Luther

55 Know in Sodom According to the KJV

56 YADA in Gen. 1819 According to English Versions

57 YADA in Twelve Versions (Genesis 1819)

58 From Good to Abuse: Two Interpretations

59 As the Good in Your Eyes

60 Legal/Judicial Language of Genesis 1819

61 Translating NAGASH

62 Translating Know in Judges 19

63 Translating ANAH

64 Translating ALAL

65 Translating Two Verbs of Violence

66 The Good in Your Eyes (Judges 19.24)

67 Differences between Gibeah and Sodom

68 Micah-Dan and Gibeah

69 Literary Allusions in Judges 1921

70 Translating malakos and malakoi

71 Translating arsenokoitai

72 Translating Their Females

73 Translating para physin in Romans

74 Translating Males & Their Error in Rom. 1.27

75 The Book of Wisdom in Romans 1

76 Translating DAVAQ, Cling

77 Saul Loved Him Greatly

78 Davids Feelings for Jonathan

79 Translating On Jesus Chest in John 13

80 Jesus Loving Lazarus (John 11)

81 Simon Peter Loving Jesus (Greek)

82 Translating Simon Peter Loving Jesus

83 Translating agapa and phile in John 21.1517

84 Translation Issues in Twelve Versions

85 Marriage and Sex in the Laws of Hammurabi

AD Anno Domini

BCE Before the Common Era

BDB Brown, Driver, and Briggs

CCB Christian Community Bible

CE Common Era

DBHE Diccionario bblico hebreo-espaol (Alonso Schkel)

D-R Douay-Rheims Version

FFM Friberg, Friberg and Miller: Analytical Lexicon

FT First Testament (Hebrew Bible, Old Testament)

HB Hebrew Bible (First Testament, Old Testament)

HCSB Holman Christian Standard Bible

JM James Moffatt, The Bible: A New Translation

JPS Jewish Publication Society

LEB Lexham English Bible

LGBTI Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex

L&S Liddell and Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon

LXX Septuagint

MT Masoretic Text (Hebrew Bible)

NAB New American Bible

NCV New Century Version

NIV New International Version

NJB New Jerusalem Bible

NT New Testament (Second Testament)

NKJV New King James Bible

NLT New Living Translation

NRSV New Revised Standard Version

NWT New World Translation

OD Oxford Dictionaries

OT Old Testament (First Testament, Hebrew Bible)

REB Revised English Bible

SR Significant repetition

ST Second Testament (New Testament)

Most Bible quotations in this book are taken from the New Revised Standard Version (NRSV). Whenever this or other sources are not stated explicitly, translations are mine.

I have used British spelling norms, e.g. centre, defence, enquire, favour, practice (noun) and practise (verb). Likewise, British style rules apply, including single quotation marks (rib) and no comma following i.e.

Greek words in this book are transliterated, with long vowels such as and represented as and , respectively: agap (love), paredken (he handed over).

To transcribe Hebrew words, I have chosen simplified spelling:

Representation of the consonant (alef) is omitted in words such as adam (groundling or Adam), b (come) and Elohim (God).

The guttural consonant (ayin) is reproduced by means of the graph as in asah (do), toevah (abomination), and yada (know).

The consonant (waw) is written w as in Chawwah, Eve, while v represents the consonant (beth) positioned immediately after a vowel sound, e.g. davaq, cling, toevah, abomination, and ahav, love.

The Hebrew consonant (chet) is pronounced with a guttural sound as ch in Scottish loch and German Bach. The transcription is ch: Chawwah, Eve, mechr, price, and laqach, take.

For the many different ways in which they have offered practical and moral support, I wish to express my gratitude to Heather Barfoot, EABS Postgraduate Seminar in Hamburg 2012, Thomas D. Hanks, Ole Kongsdal, Philip Law, Samarth Joel Ram, Johannes Srensen, Juan Stam, Jrgen Thiesen, Alfredo Vallejo, and Ignacio Villares. I am indebted to the following for providing high-quality proofreading at different stages of this book: Stephen Barton, Christina Beardsley, Mary Benefiel Dunn, Tom Flanagan, John-Francis Friendship, Sara Hubner, Hilary Johnson, Iain McDonald, Catherine McNamara, Sophie MacKenzie, Rebecca Rosewarne, Marian Taylor, Damian Wedge, and Ian Woods. A very special thank you goes to Clare Hamon who graciously volunteered to proofread the whole book twice.