Kaiser - A Family of Gods: the worship of the imperial family in the Latin West

Gwynaeth McIntyre

University of Michigan Press

Ann Arbor

Copyright 2016 by Gwynaeth McIntyre

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: McIntyre, Gwynaeth, author.

Title: A family of gods : the worship of the imperial family in the Latin West / Gwynaeth McIntyre.

Description: Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press, 2016. | Series: Societas: historical studies in classical culture | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2016013566| ISBN 9780472130054 (hardcover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780472122189 (e-book)

Subjects: LCSH: Emperor worshipRome. | RomeKings and rulersReligious aspects. | RomeKings and rulersInfluence. | RomeReligion.

Classification: LCC DG124 .M35 2016 | DDC 292/.213dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016013566

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What had been given to Livia they (also) voted to [Drusilla]: that she be deified; a golden effigy be erected in the senate-house; in the temple of Venus in the Forum a statue of her be dedicated, of equal size to that of the goddess and with similar honors; also that a shrine to her be built, and that she have twenty priests, not only men but also women.

Cassius Dio 59.11.23

This book began as a doctoral thesis written under the guidance of Greg Woolf and Jill Harries at the University of St Andrews, and I owe a debt of gratitude for their patience, expert advice, and diligent oversight as this project came to fruition. The insightful comments of my examiners, Alastair Small and Jason Knig, helped pave the way for the journey from thesis to monograph. The DAAD fellowship I received in the final stages of my PhD to work at the Max-Weber Kolleg at the Universitt Erfurt with Jrg Rpke gave me a chance to visualize the thesis I should have written, which then became the starting point for this monograph. A postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Manitoba in 20112012 gave me the opportunity to expand my study, and the epilogue is the result of my time there. I owe special thanks to Lea Stirling for this opportunity, for her expertise and willingness to read over and discuss everything I sent her way, and for her help in guiding me through the late antique material.

Earlier versions of this material were presented in various forms in a multitude of different avenues both while I was working on my PhD and over the last several years. This work has benefited from the numerous comments and questions from the audiences on those occasions, those willing to read over sections of this work, and those with whom I had conversations that helped shape and focus my arguments, specifically Clifford Ando, Duncan Fishwick, Karl Galinsky, Richard Gordon, Jon Hall, Greg Rowe, Jrg Rpke, Celia Schultz, and Lea Stirling. Thanks are also due to Bill Richardson, whose meticulous reading of the entire manuscript helped me to clarify the presentation of some of the material and prepare the manuscript for final publication. I also thank Ellen Bauerle, Susan Cronin, Kevin Rennells, and their whole team at the University of Michigan Press for their help and guidance in turning the manuscript into a book as well as the two anonymous readers for their comments. Their helpful insight and suggestions helped tighten up some of the argumentation. All remaining errors are my own.

The transition from thesis to monograph could not have been undertaken without the support from the departments in the various universities in which I have worked over the last five years: Thorneloe University, the University of Manitoba, the University of British Columbia, and the University of Otago. These departments have provided me with a variety of opportunities and support, enabling me to share my research through seminars, invited talks, and conferences. In addition, my ideas, interpretations, and analyses have all benefited from informal chats in the hallways and over coffee with the exceptional colleagues with whom I have had the pleasure of working.

Finally, this book is dedicated to my family, who have always supported me throughout my academic journey and my various moves across the globe. Without their advice, understanding, and love, this project would have never been possible.

Abbreviations of Greek and Latin authors and their works follow those of the Oxford Latin Dictionary, Liddell-Scott-Jones Greek English Lexicon, or Oxford Classical Dictionary, as appropriate. Other abbreviations are as follows.

AE Anne pigraphique: Revue des publications pigraphiques relatives lantiquit romaine. Paris, 1888.

AHB Ancient History Bulletin

AJA American Journal of Archaeology

AJPh American Journal of Philology

ANRW Aufstieg und Niedergang der romischen Welt. Series 1: von den Anfangen Roms bis zum Ausgang der Republik. Berlin.

CIL Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum. Berlin, 1881.

CRAI Comptes rendus de lAcademie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres.

HSCPh Harvard Studies in Classical Philology

ICLW The Imperial Cult in the Latin West. By D. Fishwick. 3 vols. Leiden, 19872004.

ILAfr Inscriptiones latines dAfrique. Edited by R. Cagnat et al. Paris, 1923.

ILAlg Inscriptions latines de lAlgrie. Edited by S. Gsell et al. Paris. 1957.

ILCV Inscriptiones Latinae Christianae Veteres. Edited by E. Diehl. Berlin, 19241967.

ILGN Inscriptions latines de Gaule narbonnaise. Edited by E. Esprandieu. Paris, 1929

ILS Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae. Edited by H. Dessau. Chicago, 1979.

ILTun Inscriptions latines de la Tunisie. Edited by A. Merlin. Paris, 1944.

IPT Iscrizioni puniche della Tripolitania (19271967). Edited by G. Levi della Vida and M. G. Amadasi Guzzo. Rome, 1987.

IRT Inscriptions of Roman Tripolitania. By J. M. Reynolds and J. B. Ward-Perkins. London, 1952 (enhanced electronic reissue, 2009 http://inslib.kcl.ac.uk/irt2009/).

JHA Journal of Hellenic Studies

JRA Journal of Roman Archaeology

JRS Journal of Roman Studies

RPC Roman Provincial Coinage. Edited by A. M. Burnett, M. Amandry, and P. P. Ripolls. London, 1992.

RRC Roman Republican Coinage. Edited by M.H. Crawford. Cambridge, 1975.

RS Roman Statutes. Edited by M.H. Crawford. 2 vols. London, 1996.

SCPP Senatus Consultum de Gn. Pisone Patre

SEG Supplementum epigraphicum graecum. Edited by A. Chaniotis, et.al. Leiden, 1923.

Tab. Siar. Tabula Siarensis

Tab. Heb. Tabula Hebana

TAPA Transactions of the American Philological Association

ZPE Zeitschrift fr Papyrologie und Epigraphik

The translations of Latin and Greek passages are my own unless otherwise noted. The expansions of the inscriptions are largely based on those found in the