Alice Beck Kehoe - Assembling the Past: Studies in the Professionalization of Archaeology

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Page iii Assembling the Past Studies in the Professionalization of Archaeology Edited by Alice B. Kehoe and Mary Beth Emmerichs University of New Mexico Press Albuquerque

Page iv 1999 by Alice B. Kehoe and Mary Beth Emmerichs All rights reserved. First edition Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Assembling the past: studies in the professionalization of archaeology / edited by Alice B. Kehoe and Mary Beth Emmerichs. 1st ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8263-1939-4 (alk. paper) I. Kehoe, Alice B. II. Emmerichs, Mary Beth. 1. ArchaeologyHistory. 2. ArchaeologistsHistory. 3. Professional socializationHistory. CC107 .A77 1999 930.1dc21 99-006846

Page v CONTENTS Introduction Alice B. Kehoe 1 I. Multiple Pasts 19 1 Robert Burkitt and George Byron Gordon: An End and a Beginning Elin C. Danien 25 2 Buying a Curator: Establishing Anthropology at Field Columbian Museum Donald McVicker 37 3 Recognizing the Foundation of Prehistory: Daniel Wilson, Robert Chambers, and John Lubbock Alice B. Kehoe 53 4 Petrie's Head: Eugenics and Near Eastern Archaeology Neil Asher Silberman 69 5 Augustus Le Plongeon: A Fall from Archaeological Grace Lawrence G. Desmond 81 6 American Palestinian and Biblical Archaeology: End of an Era? William G. Dever 91 7 Brahmins and Bureaucrats: Some Reflections on the History of American Classical Archaeology Stephen L. Dyson 103 II. Professionals May Not Be Women 117 8 Women and Classical Archaeology at the Turn of the Century: Abby Leach of Vassar College James W. Halporn 121 9 Uncovering a Buried Past: Women in Americanist Archaeology before the First World War Mary Ann Levine 133 10 Alternative Networks in the Career of Marian White Susan J. Bender 153

Page vi III. Southwestern Archaeology as Case Example 161 11 Harvard vs. Hewett: The Contest for Control of Southwestern Archaeology, 19041930 Don D. Fowler 165 12 Women in Southwestern Archaeology: 18951945 Jonathan E. Reyman 213 List of Contributors 229 Index 231

Page vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS A book like this contains the hard work of many people. I would like to thank the authors of the papers, and give special thanks to Alice Kehoe for responding so positively to my ideas about how to bind the papers together into a social history of the archaeological profession. Most of all, I would like to thank my husband and computer consultant, Jack Emmerichs, for his technological and moral support, and my wonderful daughter, Sharon Emmerichs, for her expert typing and proofreading. Their energetic participation in this project was invaluable. MARY BETH EMMERICHS UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-SHEBOYGAN

Page 1 INTRODUCTION Alice B. Kehoe The 1987 conference "Explaining Archaeology's Past: The Method and Theory of the History of Archaeology" convened by Andrew Christenson (Christenson 1989) catalyzed a surprising range of scholars and quickly spawned an informal committee, the organization of sessions at national meetings, and under the editorial enthusiasm of Douglas R. Givens, a Bulletin of the History of Archaeology. Two of the sessions directly inspired by the 1987 conference produced the papers published in this book. "Mainstreams and Margins" was the title of the session presented by Jane Waldbaum, a Classical archaeologist, and Alice Kehoe on January 6, 1989, at the First Joint Archaeological Congress in Baltimore, and included earlier versions of essays here by William Dever, Stephen Dyson, Lawrence Desmond, James Halporn, and Jonathan Reyman. "Networks of the Past" was organized by Reyman for the American Anthropological Association annual meeting on November 16, 1989, in Washington, D.C., and included the contributions by Elin Danien, Donald McVicker, Mary Ann Levine, Susan Bender, and Don Fowler. We solicited Neil Silberman's essay, presented at another session of the Archaeological Congress, for its relevance to our focus on the broad historical background from which professional archaeology arose. The theme that emerged from such focus is the struggle to professionalize the discipline of archaeology, a struggle that involved the marginalization of the uncredentialed, members of the wrong social class, women, and those with the wrong regional or academic connections.

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