Cleland Joshua - Netters Orthopaedic Clinical Examination E-Book

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THIRD EDITION

Joshua A. Cleland, PT, DPT, PhD

Professor, Physical Therapy Program

Franklin Pierce University

Manchester, New Hampshire

Shane Koppenhaver, PT, PhD

Lieutenant Colonel, Army Medical Specialist Corps

Associate Professor, U.S. ArmyBaylor University

Doctoral Physical Therapy Program

Fort Sam Houston, Texas

Jonathan Su, PT, DPT, LMT

Captain, Army Medical Specialist Corps

Brigade Physical Therapist

2nd Stryker Brigade Combat Team, 25th Infantry Division

Schofield Barracks, Hawaii

Illustrations by Frank H. Netter, MD

Contributing Illustrators

Carlos A. G. Machado, MD

John A. Craig, MD

1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.

Ste. 1800

Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899

NETTER'S ORTHOPAEDIC CLINICAL EXAMINATION: AN EVIDENCE-BASED APPROACH, THIRD EDITIONISBN: 978-0-323-34063-2

Copyright 2016, 2011, 2005 by Elsevier Inc.

Previous editions copyrighted 2011, 2005 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

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Notices

Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.

Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.

With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions.

To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.

International Standard Book Number: 978-0-323-34063-2

Senior Content Strategist: Elyse O'Grady

Senior Content Development Specialist: Marybeth Thiel

Publishing Services Manager: Patricia Tannian

Senior Project Manager: John Casey

Senior Book Designer: Amy Buxton

Printed in China

Last digit is the print number:987654321

To our incredible mentors and colleagues who have fostered our passion for evidence-based practice and orthopaedics.

To our photography models (Jessica Palmer, Nicole Koppenhaver, and Farah Faize) and photographers (Sara Randall, Lindsey Browne, Jeff Hebert, and Patrick Moon) for spending more hours and retakes than we'd like to admit.

To Dr. Frank Netter and the Elsevier editorial staff who turned our ideas into a fantastic literary guide.

And, most important, to our wonderful families, whose sacrifices and support made this considerable endeavor possible.

Joshua A. Cleland PT, DPT, PhD

Dr. Cleland earned a Master of Physical Therapy degree from Notre Dame College in 2000 and a Doctor of Physical Therapy degree from Creighton University in 2001. In February of 2006 he received a PhD from Nova Southeastern University. He received board certification from the American Physical Therapy Association as an Orthopaedic Clinical Specialist in 2002 and completed a fellowship in manual therapy through Regis University in Denver in 2005. Josh is presently a Professor in the Doctor of Physical Therapy Program at Franklin Pierce University. He practices clinically in outpatient orthopaedics at Rehabilitation Services of Concord Hospital, Concord, New Hampshire. Dr. Cleland is actively involved in numerous clinical research studies investigating the effectiveness of manual physical therapy and exercise in the management of spine and extremities disorders. He has published over 170 manuscripts in peer-reviewed journals and is an Editorial Review Board Member for the Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. He is currently an author/editor on 4 textbooks. Dr. Cleland is a well-known speaker both nationally and internationally. He is the recipient of the 2015 Rothstein Golden Pen Award for Scientific Writing, the 2011 Chattanooga Research Award, the 2009 Eugene Michels New Investigator Award, and the 2008 Jack Walker Award, all from the American Physical Therapy Association. In addition, he received the Rose Excellence in Research Award from the Orthopaedic Section of the American Physical Therapy Association in 2013, 2014, and 2015.

Shane Koppenhaver PT, PhD

Dr. Koppenhaver received his Master of Physical Therapy degree from the U.S. ArmyBaylor University Graduate Program in 1998 and a PhD in Exercise Physiology from the University of Utah in 2009. He became board certified in Orthopedic Physical Therapy in 2001 and completed a fellowship in manual therapy through Regis University in 2009. Dr. Koppenhaver is a Lieutenant Colonel in the U.S. Army and an Associate Professor and Research Director in the U.S. ArmyBaylor University Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy. He has published numerous studies on low back pain, spinal manipulation, and the use of ultrasound imaging in the measurement of muscle function. His primary research interests concern mechanistic and clinical outcomes associated with manual therapy and dry needling, especially as they apply to clinical reasoning and management of patients with neuromusculoskeletal conditions.