David M. Yousem - Neuroradiology: The Requisites

Neuroradiology

The Requisites

Third Edition

David M. Yousem, MD, MBA

Professor of Radiology, Director of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, Maryland

Robert I. Grossman, MD

Dean and CEO, NYU Langone Medical Center

Attending Physician, Department of Radiology, NYU Hospitals Center

Attending Physician, Department of Radiology, Bellevue Hospital Center

Professor, Department of Radiology, Neurosurgery and Physiology & Neuroscience, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York

Mosby

Front matter

Neuroradiology

THE REQUISITES

SERIES EDITOR

James H. Thrall, MD

Radiologist-in-Chief

Massachusetts General Hospital

Juan M. Taveras Professor of Radiology

Harvard Medical School

Boston, Massachusetts

OTHER VOLUMES IN THE REQUISITES IN RADIOLOGY SERIES

Breast Imaging

Cardiac Imaging

Emergency Radiology

Gastrointestinal Imaging

Genitourinary Radiology

Musculoskeletal Imaging

Nuclear Medicine

Pediatric Radiology

Ultrasound

Thoracic Radiology

Vascular & Interventional Radiology

Third edition

David M. Yousem, MD, MBA, Professor of Radiology, Director of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, Maryland

Robert I. Grossman, MD, Dean and CEO, NYU Langone Medical Center, Attending Physician, Department of Radiology, NYU Hospitals Center, Attending Physician, Department of Radiology, Bellevue Hospital Center, Professor, Department of Radiology, Neurosurgery and Physiology & Neuroscience, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York

Copyright

NEURORADIOLOGY: THE REQUISITES

ISBN: 978-0-323-04521-6

2010 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publishers permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.

This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).

Notice

Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.

Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.

With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions.

To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.

The Publisher

Previous editions copyrighted 2003, 1994.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Yousem, David M.

Neuroradiology : the requisites / David M. Yousem, Robert I. Grossman. 3rd ed.

p. ; cm. (Radiology requisites series)

Robert I. Grossman is first named author on previous edition.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-323-04521-6

1. Nervous systemRadiography. I. Grossman, Robert I. II. Title. III. Series: Requisites in radiology.

[DNLM: 1. Neuroradiographymethods. 2. Central Nervous System Diseasesradiography. WL 141 Y83n 2010]

RC349.R3G76 2010

616.804757dc22

2010005631

Acquisitions Editor: Rebecca S. Gaertner

Developmental Editor: Stacey Fisher

Project Manager: David Saltzberg

Design Direction: Steven Stave

Printed in the United States of America

Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Dedication

To the LOML, my OAO.

Thank you for the love and support.DMY

To Lissegreat mother, perfect wife, spectacular ophthalmologist.

You did it all!RIG

Contributors

Robert Zimmerman, MD , Executive Vice Chairman, Professor of Radiology, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Director of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell, New York, New York

Foreword

James H. Thrall, MD , Radiologist-in-Chief, Massachusetts General Hospital, Professor of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Neuroradiology: The Requisites is now appearing in its third edition and has established itself as one of the widely read books on the subject. The third edition again captures the philosophy of the series for efficient and economical presentation of material while still presenting the important subject matter of neuroradiology at a level and with a clarity of detail that is sure to be well received. Neuroradiology has always been a challenging field to capture in a textbook because of the multiplicity of methods involved and the inherent complexity of the interplay among neuroanatomy, physiology, and function that all must be understood in order to master the practice of neuroradiology.

In the time since publication of the second edition of Neuroradiology: The Requisites, several important advances and trends have continued to transform and reshape the field. Advances in technology include the fairly widespread adoption of higher field MR imaging at 3.0 Tesla, with associated improvements in image quality and increased flexibility in image protocol development. Multichannel MR imaging has led to improved image quality and shortened imaging times. MR tractography has opened important new avenues of research and is increasingly used for patient care. There has been near universal adoption of multislice CT, greatly facilitating the application of functional CT for the diagnosis and management of stroke. These technologic advances are remarkable, and, in retrospect, many of them were beyond our imagination only a few years ago.