Polly E. Parsons - Critical Care Secrets E-Book

Critical Care Secrets

Fifth Edition

Polly E. Parsons, MD

E.L. Amidon Professor and Chair, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine

Medicine Health Care Service Leader, Fletcher Allen Health Care, Burlington, Vermont

Jeanine P. Wiener-Kronish, MD

Henry Isaiah Dorr Professor of Research and Teaching in Anesthetics and Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School

Anesthetist-in-Chief, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

Mosby

Copyright

3251 Riverport Lane

St. Louis, Missouri 63043

Critical Care Secrets

Fifth Edition

ISBN: 978-0-323-08500-7

Copyright 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright 2007, 2003, 1998, 1992 by Mosby, Inc, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher.

Notice

Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our knowledge, changes in practice, treatment, and drug therapy may become necessary or appropriate. Readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner, relying on his or her own experience and knowledge of the patient, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the editors assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising out of or related to any use of the material contained in this book.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Critical care secrets / [edited by] Polly E. Parsons, Jeanine P. Wiener-Kronish. 5th ed.

p. ; cm. (Secrets series)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-323-08500-7 (pbk. : alk. paper)

I. Parsons, Polly E., 1954- II. Wiener-Kronish, Jeanine P., 1951- III. Series: Secrets series.

[DNLM: 1. Critical CareExamination Questions. WX 18.2]

616.028dc23

2012017925

Executive Content Strategist: James Merritt

Content Development Specialist: Barbara Cicalese

Publishing Services Manager: Anne Altepeter

Project Manager: Louise King

Design Manager: Steven Stave

Printed in China

Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Dedication

To our husbands, Jim and Daniel, and our children, Alec, Chandler, Jessica, and Samuel, for their patience and support, and for allowing us to take the time to complete this edition

Contributors

Neil Agrawal, MD

Cardiology Specialist, Oklahoma Heart Institute, Tulsa, Oklahoma

Ali Al-Alwan, MD

Clinical Instructor, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine

Fellow, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fletcher Allen Health Care, Burlington, Vermont

Hasan B. Alam, MD, FACS

Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School

Director of Surgical Critical Care/Acute Care Surgery Fellowship Program, Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

Rae M. Allain, MD

Assistant Professor of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School

Division Chief, Thoracic, Vascular, Radiology, and Neuroanesthesia, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

Gilman B. Allen, MD

Associate Professor of Medicine, Director of Medical Intensive Care Unit, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine

Attending Physician, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fletcher Allen Health Care, Burlington, Vermont

Michael N. Andrawes, MD

Instructor, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Abbas Ardehali, MD, FACS

Professor of Surgery and Medicine, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, UCLA

Director of Heart, Lung, and Heart/Lung Transplant Programs, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center

Chief, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California

Aranya Bagchi, MBBS

Clinical Fellow in Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Keith Baker, MD, PhD

Assistant Professor of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School

Assistant Anesthetist, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

Arna Banerjee, MD

Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology and Surgery, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee

Carolyn E. Bekes, MD, MHA, FCCM

Professor of Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University

Chief Medical Officer, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey

William J. Benedetto, MD

Anesthesia Instructor, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Management, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

Pavan K. Bendapudi, MD

Clinical Fellow, Pathology Department, Harvard Medical School

Clinical Fellow, Blood Transfusion Service, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

John R. Benjamin, MD, MSc

Fellow in Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Management, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

Commander, Medical Corps, United States Navy, Walter Reed Memorial Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland

Philip E. Bickler, MD, PhD

Professor, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, UCSF, San Francisco, California

Luca M. Bigatello, MD

Adjunct Professor of Anesthesiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston

Director, Surgical Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton, Massachusetts

Edward A. Bittner, MD, PhD

Assistant Professor of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School

Associate Director, Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Program Director, Critical Care-Anesthesiology Fellowship, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

Brad W. Butcher, MD

Fellow, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, UCSF Medical Center, San Francisco, California

Michael E. Canham, MD

Associate Professor of Medicine, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado

William E. Charash, MD, PhD