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Melissa Darby - Thunder Go North: The Hunt for Sir Francis Drakes Fair and Good Bay

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Melissa Darby Thunder Go North: The Hunt for Sir Francis Drakes Fair and Good Bay
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Thunder Go North: The Hunt for Sir Francis Drakes Fair and Good Bay: summary, description and annotation

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In the summer of 1579 Francis Drake and all those aboard the Golden Hind were in peril. The ship was leaking and they were in search of a protected beach to careen the ship to make repairs. They searched the coast and made landfall in what they called a Fair and Good Bay, generally thought to be in California. They stacked the treasure they had recently captured from the Spanish onto on this sandy shore, repaired the ship, explored the country, and after a number of weeks they set sail for home. When they returned to England, they became the second expedition to circumnavigate the earth, after Magellans voyage in 1522, and the first to return with its commander.
Thunder Go North unravels the mysteries surrounding Drakes famous voyage and summer sojourn in this bay. Comparing Drakes observations of the Natives houses, dress, foods, language, and lifeways with ethnographic material collected by early anthropologists, Melissa Darby makes a compelling case that Drake and his crew landed not in California but on the Oregon coast. She also uncovers the details of how an early twentieth-century hoax succeeded in maintaining the California landing theory and silencing contrary evidence. Presented here in an engaging narrative, Darbys research beckons for history to be rewritten.

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Thunder Go North The Hunt for Sir Francis Drakes Fair and Good Bay - image 1

Copyright 2019 by The University of Utah Press. All rights reserved.

Thunder Go North The Hunt for Sir Francis Drakes Fair and Good Bay - image 2
The Defiance House Man colophon is a registered trademark of The University of Utah Press. It is based on a four-foot-tall Ancient Puebloan pictograph (late PIII) near Glen Canyon, Utah.

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA

Names: Darby, Melissa C., author.

Title: Thunder go north : the hunt for Drakes fair and good bay / Melissa C. Darby.

Description: Salt Lake City : The University of Utah Press, [2019] | Includes bibliographical references and index. |

Identifiers: LCCN 2019008129 (print) | LCCN 2019010503 (ebook) | ISBN 9781607817260 () | ISBN 9781607817253 (pbk. : alk. paper)

Subjects: LCSH: Drake, Francis, approximately 15401596TravelNorthwest Coast of North America. | Northwest Coast of North AmericaDiscovery and explorationBritish.

Classification: LCC F851.5 (ebook) | LCC F851.5 .D35 2019 (print) | DDC 942.05/5092dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019008129

Errata and further information on this and other titles available online at UofUpress.com

Printed and bound in the United States of America.

Cover photo: Earliest known portrait of Francis Drake, ca. 1576. This portrait, identified by art historian Angus Haldane in 2014 as Drake, was painted shortly before the voyage of circumnavigation. Courtesy Angus Haldane Fine Art.

For Denny and Kathleen

Figures

Table

A Note on the Text

The punctuation and spelling found in original documents and manuscripts have been silently corrected in places to clarify meaning for modern readers. All dates given are Old Style (O.S.), a synonym for the Julian calendar, corresponding to dates ten days later in the modern calendar (unless noted).

Acknowledgments

This book was written primarily for the general reader, unacquainted with the Drake landing controversy. But it contains considerable detail, including new historical and ethnographic material that will be of interest to the student and specialist.

I would be remiss if I did not acknowledge at the start my particular debt to archaeologists Christopher Knutson, Jeff La Lande, and R. Lee Lyman for their technical insights, corrections, and suggestions. In particular, the fine proofreading by Chris was invaluable. I owe a debt of gratitude to those who read early drafts, including the sharp-eyed Norm Berberick, and the thoughtful Michael Boeder. I am especially grateful to the three peer reviewers whose comments were important and as a result made this work better.

I would also like to thank United States Senator Jeff Merkley of Oregon who took time out of his busy schedule to read the manuscript. Many thanks to Ralph Falkiner-Nuttall, who graciously provided a photograph of his great aunt, Zelia Nuttall. I am deeply indebted also to Diana Dane Dajani and her niece Elizabeth Baker for providing access to the private papers of George Ezra Dane, Dianas father. The title of was inspired by the poem California by Joaquin Miller.

I appreciate the courtesy and advice of maritime historian Harry Kelsey and the assistance of early modern European historian J. Sears McGee. I appreciate the forthright help with the Harley Manuscript from Heather Wolfe of the Folger Shakespeare Library. I am indebted to my colleagues at Portland State University, including Michele Gamburd and Virginia Butler. My gratitude goes out to John Lyon, University of British Columbia, for his strong work and in-depth analysis of the linguistic material.

I am especially indebted to Mark Campion for sleuthing obscure but important information that added to several lines of inquiry. You are the best. If it were not for Garry Gitzens works I would not have learnedabout the twelve-year-old girl who witnessed her father and other men discussing the Plate of Brass hoax. Finally, it was the research and writings of Bob Ward and later Samuel Bawlf that stirred my interest in the theory that Drake was on the Northwest coast.

I appreciate the staff help given me while I was doing research at the British Library, London; the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich; the Henry E. Huntington Library, San Marino; the Bancroft Library, Berkeley; California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco; the University of Oregon Special Collections and University Archives, Eugene; the North Baker Research Library of the California Historical Society, San Francisco; the Oregon Historical Society, Portland; and the Coos County Museum, Coos Bay, Oregon.

I appreciate the comments and suggestions from Kassandra Ripee, Tribal Historic Preservation Officer of the Coquille Indian Tribe; Jesse Beers, Cultural Director of the Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua, and Siuslaw; and Robert Kentta, Tribal Cultural Resources Director, Confederated Tribes of the Siletz Indians.

Thanks go out to the intrepid crew for their work during the archaeological testing and remote sensing operation at Whale Cove: Jacqueline Cheung, John Craig, Eric Gleason, William E. Kirk, Daniel Martin, Samantha Nemecek, Toyin Quichocho, Doug Scott, Tom Wilson, and Mark Belda. Special thanks to Richard Johnson and Bryce Buchannan for their hospitality.

CHAPTER ONE
The Problem

THE GOLDEN HIND was taking on water on a summers day in 1579. Stormy seas off the Northwest coast of America had opened her seams and widened the leak shed had in her hull since she was off the coast of Panama. The pump was well plied with seawater, and Francis Drake (who became Sir Francis after the voyage) and his crew were searching the rough coast for a well-protected cove with a sandy beach so they could carefully heel the ship over onto the sand in order to get to the leak. Complicating her predicament, the ship was loaded down to her marks, heavy with captured supplies and bullionin fact, she was ballasted with Peruvian silver.

Imperiled on the far side of the world, the crew was in the best hands. Drake had no equal in seamanship and navigation, and many of his handpicked crew of able seamen had sailed with him for years. They were a tight, well-knit community. If by luck or providence they made it back to England, their fortunes would all be made on account of the treasure they bore in the now-soggy hold.

On a lee shore with the wind against them, they were forced to run in to what they called a bad bay, it was the best road we could for the present meet with.

About eighty men and a pregnant Black woman named Maria made landfall in this lucky haven. This bay was described by one contemporary cartographerwho may have had his information from Drake

They rested and refreshed in this fair bay for a number of weeks. The contemporary accounts are inconsistent on this point; the length of their stay was at least five weeks, but it may have been as long as ten weeks. Once the leak was fixed and the ship floated and readied, the crew packed and stowed their ballast of treasure, filled the water barrels, loaded firewood for the galley stoves, and prepared to embark on the first leg of the return voyage, which would take them across the Pacific Ocean.

Just before they sailed, Drake ceremoniously erected a firm post to which he attached a metal plaque engraved with a formal land claim in the name of Queen Elizabeth for the territory they named Nova Albion. By the rules of the time, this was a symbolic act of sovereignty. Drake chose the name Nova Albion (New England in Latin) because the white sea cliffs he found there bore a resemblance to the white cliffs of Dover. As the

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